Verbs in दीवान्-ए ग़ालिब्

This post is a follow-up on "A Deluge of Verbs ...?" which reiterated the opinion that (non-compound) verbs are falling out of use in literary उर्दू. To arrive at a metric of this phenomenon, one method is to enumerate the verbs found in the works of famous poets. Who better to start off with than ग़ालिब्!

The following verbs encountered in दीवान्-ए ग़ालिब् have been extracted by me manually. Those listed in parenthesis occur as verbal nouns; however, because of the rather interrupted nature of this project, I've not been consistent in terms of exactly when I noted something down as a verbal noun and when I didn't. Nevertheless, this list gives a fairly good idea of the verbs which were in vogue in literary उर्दू; and things haven't change significantly since then.

This is a Work-In-Progress, and this post will get updated as and when I get the chance to pump effort into it.

Notes
- कर्‌ना and होना are not noted, but देना and लेना are.
- Verbs that occur in a रदीफ़् are noted just once under the "Common:" label for that ग़ज़ल्.
- The ग़ज़ल्s and शॆऽर्s are listed in the order they appear in "A Desertful of Roses" by Frances W. Pritchett.

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ग़ज़ल् १
१.२ पूछ्‌ना, लाना
१.३ चाह्‌ना
१.४ चाह्‌ना, बिछाना
Unique (4): पूछ्‌ना, लाना, चाह्‌ना, बिछाना

ग़ज़ल् २
२.१ आना
Unique (1): आना

ग़ज़ल् ३
३.१ आना
३.३ (खुल्) जाना
३.४ लेना, (जाना)
३.५ ढाँप्‌ना
३.६ (मर्) सक्‌ना
३.१२ रह्‌ना
३.१३ पूछ्‌ना
Unique (7): आना, जाना, लेना, ढाँप्‌ना, सक्‌ना, रह्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ४
Common: पाना
४.१ कह्‌ना, देना
४.३ देख्‌ना
४.५ लग्‌ना, खिल्‌ना, देख्‌ना
४.६ ढूँढ्‌ना
४.७ छिड़क्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना
४.१६ ढूँढ्‌ना
Unique(9): पाना, कह्‌ना, देना, देख्‌ना, लग्‌ना, खिल्‌ना, ढूँढ्‌ना, छिड़क्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना,

ग़ज़ल् ५
Common: (जल्) जाना
५.२ लग्‌ना
५.४ आना
५.५ दिखाना
५.६ (देख्‌ना)
५.७ जाना
Unique(4): जाना, लग्‌ना, आना, दिखाना

ग़ज़ल् ६
Common: निकल्‌ना
६.२ देना
६.६ उठाना
६.९ खटक्‌ना, कह्‌ना
६.११ देख्‌ना, छिप्‌ना
६.१३ देख्‌ना
६.१४ लेना
Unique(8): निकल्‌ना, देना, उठाना, खटक्‌ना, कह्‌ना, देख्‌ना, छिप्‌ना, लेना

ग़ज़ल् ७
७.१ (मर्) जाना
७.२ लग्‌ना, (उड़्‌ना)
७.३ रह्‌ना
७.५ जाना
७.५ सक्‌ना
Unique(4): जाना, लग्‌ना, रह्‌ना, सक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ८
Common: आना
८.४ टपक्‌ना
८.५ डाल्‌ना
Unique(3): आना, टपक्‌ना, डाल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ९
९.२ दब्‌ना
९.३ चाह्‌ना, छूट्‌ना
९.६ चाह्‌ना, (मर्) जाना
९.७ (मर्) जाना
९.९ देख्‌ना, (बख़्श्) जाना
Unique(5): दब्‌ना, चाह्‌ना, छूट्‌ना, जाना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १०
१०.३ आना, लेना
१०.४ दिखाना, देना
१०.७ उग्‌ना
१०.१० सोना
Unique(6): आना, लेना, दिखाना, देना, उग्‌ना, सोना

ग़ज़ल् ११
११.२ आना
११.५ खाना

ग़ज़ल् १२
१२.४ लेना

ग़ज़ल् १३
१३.३ (देख्‌ना)
१३.५ उछल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १४
Common: खुल्‌ना
१४.१ देख्‌ना
१४.३ खाना
१४.४ समझ्‌ना, पाना
१४.६ निकल्‌ना, देख्‌ना, (बढ़्‌ना)
१४.७ रह्‌ना, कह्‌ना, (फिर्‌ना), जाना, (लिपट्‌ना)
१४.८ रह्‌ना
१४.९ रह्‌ना, लाना
१४.१० रह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५
१५.३ पिरोना
१५.८ टप्काना
१५.११ कह्‌ना
१५.१५ रोक्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१५.१६ देख्‌ते
१५.१७ कह्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १६
१६.१ देना
१६.२ तोड़्‌ना
१६.३ खेँच्‌ना, फिर्‌ना
१६.४ पूछ्‌ना
१६.५ जान्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१६.८ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १७
१७.२ चाह्‌ना, टपक्‌ना
१७.३ जाना
१७.४ चाह्‌ना
१७.५ पूछ्‌ना
१७.६ लेना

ग़ज़ल् १८
१८.२ खुल्‌ना
१८.४ पूछ्‌ना
१८.५ देना

ग़ज़ल् १९
१९.१ फ़र्माना, भर्‌ना, (बढ़्‌ना), जाना
१९.२ गुजर्‌ना, कह्‌ना, फ़र्माना
१९.३ आना, सम्झाना
१९.४ बाँध्‌ना, लाना
१९.५ (छुट्‌ना), जाना
१९.६ भाग्‌ना, घब्राना
१९.७ मान्‌ना, रह्‌ना, खाना

ग़ज़ल् २०
२०.१ जाना, रह्‌ना
२०.२ जीना, जान्‌ना, मर्‌ना
२०.३ जान्‌ना, बँध्‌ना, (तोड़्‌ना), सक्‌ना
२०.४ पूछ्‌ना
२०.५ बन्‌ना
२०.६ टपक्‌ना, थम्‌ना, समझ्‌ना
२०.७ बच्‌ना
२०.८ कहूँ, मर्‌ना
२०.९ (मर्‌ना), उठ्‌ना
२०.१० देख्‌ना
२०.११ समझ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २१
२१.१ मर्‌ना, जीना
२१.३ देख्‌ना
२१.४ चाह्‌ना, (आज़्माना)
२१.८ पूछ्‌ना
२१.९ देख्‌ना, (बहाना)
२१.१० सुन्‌ना
२१.१२ (आज़्माना)

ग़ज़ल् २२
२२.२ फिर्-आना
२२.५ जाना
२२.६ देख्‌ना, मिल्‌ना
२२.७ टपक्‌ना
२२.८ दिख्‌ना, देना
२२.९ उड़्‌ना, देख्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् २३

ग़ज़ल् २४
२४.3 देना
२४.४ मार्‌ना, जान्‌ना
२४.८ देना, लिख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २५
Common: जाना
२५.३ लेना, सोना
२५.६ फ़र्माना, रह्‌ना
२५.७ लेना, जाना
२५.९ सोच्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २६
२६.३ आज़्माना, जाना
२६.४ खाना
२६.५ आना
२६.७ देना
२६.८ जाना, थम्‌ना
२६.९ लेना
२६.१० पढ़्‌ना, कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २७
२७.२ जान्‌ना
२७.४ देना
२७.५ तरस्‌ना
२७.६ (देना), बैठ्‌ना
२७.८ देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २८
२८.२ देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २९
Common: बाँध्‌ना
२९.३ माँग्‌ना
२९.४ बँध्‌ना, खोल्‌ना
२९.५ पूछ्‌ना, खोल्‌ना
२९.६ चाह्‌ना, खोल्‌ना
२९.७ लाना

ग़ज़ल् ३०
३०.१ आना
३०.२ चढ़्‌ना, पड़्‌ना, जाना
३०.३ पड़्‌ना, जान्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ३१
३१.१ रोना
३१.३ देना

ग़ज़ल् ३२
३२.३ (मर्‌ना), जाना, आना, कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ३३
३३.२ खेँच्‌ना
३३.३ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ३४
समझ्‌ना
३४.३ पूछ्‌ना
३४.४ चाह्‌ना
३४.८ देना, (जान्‌ना)

ग़ज़ल् ३५
Common: आना
३५.२ लेना
३५.५ जाना
३५.७ जाना
३५.८ देख्‌ना
३५.१० उठाना

ग़ज़ल् ३६
३६.३ बत्लाना, देना
३६.५ जाना
३६.६ कह्‌ना, (बिगड़्‌ना), बैठ्‌ना
३६.७ देख्‌ना
३६.८ रख्‌ना
३६.९ मर्‌ना
३६.१० पकड़्‌ना, जाना, लिख्‌ना
३६.११ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ३७

ग़ज़ल् ३८
३८.४ देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ३९
३९.२ उग्‌ना
३९.३ देख्‌ना, खाना
३९.४ खाना

ग़ज़ल् ४०
४०.१ देख्‌ना, लेना, रह्‌ना, जाना, देना
४०.२ मार्‌ना
४०.६ जल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ४१
Common: रह्‌ना
४१.२ जाना, लेना
४१.३ मर्‌ना
४१.५ देना
४१.७ जाना
४१.८ डर्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ४२
४२.१ कह्‌ना
४२.५ रह्‌ना, चाह्‌ना
४२.६ मार्‌ना
४२.७ रह्‌ना
४२.९ समझ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ४३
४३.१ बन्‌ना, जाना
४३.२ पीना
४३.३ बनाना, सक्‌ना
४३.४ देना, टाल्‌ना, निकल्‌ना
४३.५ लिख्‌ना, जाना, दिख्लाना
४३.६ घिस्‌ना, (मिट्‌ना), जाना, बदल्‌ना
४३.७ लेना

ग़ज़ल् ४४
४४.१ रह्‌ना
४४.२ देना

ग़ज़ल् ४५
४५.२ रख्‌ना
४५.४ जाना

ग़ज़ल् ४६
४६.१ आना, कह्‌ना, दिख्लाना
४६.२ रह्‌ना, घब्राना
४६.३ समझ्‌ना, खाना
४६.४ लेना, पहुँचाना
४६.५ गुज़र्‌ना, उठ्‌ना, जाना
४६.६ देख्‌ना, मर्‌ना, जाना, दिख्लाना
४६.७ पूछ्‌ना, बत्लाना

ग़ज़ल् ४७
४७.१ सक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ४८
Common: जाना
४८.१ गुज़र्‌ना
४८.२ लिख्‌ना, बन्‌ना
४८.३ जाना, घिस्‌ना
४८.५ आना
४८.६ मिट्‌ना
४८.७ बरस्‌ना, खिल्‌ना, रोना
४८.९ बख़्श्‌ना, चाह्‌ना
४८.१० खुल्‌ना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ४९
४९.१ देना
४९.२ पुछ्‌ना
४९.३ रख्‌ना, गुज़र्‌ना
४९.५ उठ्‌ना
४९.६ देना
४९.७ दौड़्‌ना
४९.९ रख्‌ना
४९.१२ उड़्‌ना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ५०
५०.२ देना, दिख्लाना
५०.३ लिख्‌ना, रख्‌ना, सक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ५१
५१.१ रह्‌ना, मर्‌ना
५१.२ लिख्‌ना
५१.५ खेँच्‌ना
५१.७ सुन्‌ना, कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ५२
५२.१ मुंद्‌ना, जाना, खोल्‌ना, लाना

ग़ज़ल् ५३
५३.२ सक्‌ना
५३.४ मार्‌ना
५३.७ जान्‌ना, देना
५३.९ रोना, देख्‌ना, पाना, हँस्‌ना
५३.११ आना

ग़ज़ल् ५४
५४.२ आना
५४.३ चल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ५५

ग़ज़ल् ५६
Common: खेँच्‌ना
५६.२ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ५७
५७.१ छुट्‌ना
५७.२ रह्‌ना
५७.३ बुझ्‌ना, उठ्‌ना
५७.८ मर्‌ना
५७.९ आना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ५८
५८.२ जाना
५८.३ सुन्‌ना, जाना
५८.५ आना
५८.६ मर्‌ना
५८.७ आना, रह्‌ना
५८.८ खटक्‌ना, रोना, देख्‌ना
५८.९ पुछ्‌ना, नाच्‌ना, पड़्‌ना
५८.१० कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ५९
Common: कह्‌ना
५९.१ बनाना, लेना, जान्‌ना
५९.२ कह्‌ना, रह्‌ना, जान्‌ना
५९.३ आना, पड़्‌ना, लेना
५९.४ जाना, रह्‌ना
५९.५ छोड़्‌ना, पूज्‌ना
५९.६ चल्‌ना
५९.७ बन्‌ना
५९.८ चाह्‌ना, सुन्‌ता

ग़ज़ल् ६०
Common: देख्‌ना
६०.१ जल्‌ना, जाना
६०.२ कह्‌ना
६०.३ रुक्‌ता
६०.४ आना, मर्‌ना
६०.५ लरज़्‌ना
६०.६ खेँच्‌ना
६०.७ बक्‌ना, जाना
६०.८ बाँध्‌ना, तोड़्‌ना, डाल्‌ना, चल्‌ना
६०.९ घब्राना, जाना
६०.१० समझ्‌ना
६०.११ गिर्‌ना, देना
६०.१२ फोड़्‌ना, आना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ६१
६१.१ लरज़्‌‌ना
६१.२ छोड़्‌ना, फिर्‌ना
६१.३ लिख्‌ना
६१.४ रह्‌ना
६१.६ देख्‌ना, आना, बरस्‌ना
६१.७ रह्‌ना
६१.७ लड़्‌ना, चल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ६२
६२.१ गुज़र्‌ना
६२.२ समझ्‌ना, देना
६२.४ उठ्‌ना, लेना, आना
६२.६ खोल्‌ना, रोना,
६२.७ मर्‌ना, उड़्‌ना, जाना, कह्‌ना
६२.८ दिखाना
६२.९ लेना, देना, मर्‌ना
६२.१० पाना, चढ़्‌ना, जाना, रुक्‌ना
६२.११ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ६३
६३.१ पाना

ग़ज़ल् ६४
६४.१ जाना
६४.२ बाँध्‌ना
६४.३ समझ्‌ना
६४.४ रख्‌ना
६४.५ सौँप्‌ना
६४.६ कह्‌ना
६४.८ बाँध्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ६५
६५.१ जाना

ग़ज़ल् ६६
६६.१ देख्‌ना, जाना, रह्‌ना
६६.२ जाना, घिस्‌ना
६६.३ आना, कह्‌ना, मान्‌ना
६६.४ जाना, कह्‌ना, मिल्‌ना
६६.५ रह्‌ना
६६.८ देख्‌ना
६६.९ गुज़र्‌ना
६६.१० कह्‌ना, जाना, मर्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ६७
६७.१ जान्‌ना
६७.३ खेँच्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ६८
६८.१ (क़ुबूल्‌ना)
६८.३ देना
६८.४ जाना
६८.५ पूछ्‌ना
६८.६ देख्‌ना
६८.७ उड़्‌ना
६८.९ खेँच्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ६९
६९.१ देख्‌ना, गुज़र्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७०
७०.१ रख्‌ना
७०.२ निकल्‌ना
७०.३ लाना, बन्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७१
७१.५ खेँच्‌ना
७१.९ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७२
७२.१ आना
७२.२ बहाना
७२.३ मुंद्‌ना, जाना, खोल्‌ना, आना (similar to ५२.१)
७२.४ रुक्‌ना, मर्‌ना
७२.५ बैठ्‌ना
७२.६ देख्‌ना, पहुँच्‌ना
७२.७ मर्‌ना, जाना, फोड़्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना, आना

ग़ज़ल् ७३
७३.१ लेना, लगाना
७३.२ निकल्‌ना, निकाल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७४

ग़ज़ल् ७५
७५.४ लरज़्‌‌ना
७५.६ पूछ्‌ना
७५.७ जल्‌ना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७६
७६.२ जल्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ७७
७७.१ छिड़क्‌ना
७७.३ रह्‌ना
७७.५ देना, देख्‌ना
७७.६ छोड़्‌ना, जाना, माँग्‌ना
७७.७ खेँच्‌ना
७७.८ गिर्‌ना, चुन्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७८
७८.१ चाह्‌ना, जीना
७८.२ देख्‌ना, गुज़र्‌ना
७८.४ मान्‌ना, जाना
७८.७ जल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ७९
Common: माँग्‌ना
७९.२ आना
७९.५ समझ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ८०
८०.२ टुट्‌ना, पड़्‌ना
८०.३ (मर्‌ना), जाना
८०.४ रख्‌ना
८०.६ रख्‌ना
८०.८ दौड़्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ८१
८१.५ जान्‌ना
८१.६ समझ्‌ना
८१.७ समझ्‌ना
८१.११ समझ्‌ना, चाह्‌ना
८१.१२ देना
८१.१३ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ८२

ग़ज़ल् ८३
८३.१ मार्‌ना, देख्‌ना, लेना
८३.२ रख्‌ना, लेना

ग़ज़ल् ८४
८४.१ लेना
८४.५ आना

ग़ज़ल् ८५
८५.३ रह्‌ना
८५.५ रोना
८५.६ छूट्‌ना, जाना
८५.७ खपाना
८५.८ जाना

ग़ज़ल् ८६
Common: कह्‌ना
८६.१ आना
८६.२ जाना, देख्‌ना
८६.४ आना, जाना
८६.६ आना
८६.७ घब्राना
८६.८ देख्‌ना, लाना
८६.९ मर्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ८७
८७.२ उड़्‌ना, जाना
८७.३ जाना
८७.४ कहूँ
८७.६ सिल्वाना, समझ्‌ना
८७.७ (मार्‌ना)
८७.9 लेना, जाना
८७.१० झुक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ८८
Common: कह्‌ना
८८.१ आना, सक्‌ना
८८.४ चाह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ८९
Common: सक्‌ना
८९.१ बुलाना, लेना, चाह्‌ना, आना
८९.२ उठाना
८९.३ मिल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ९०
९०.१ खुल्‌ना, जाना, छेड़्‌ना, रख्‌ना
९०.३ पीना, समझ्‌ना, लाना
९०.४ जान्‌ना, जाना
९०.५ बैठ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ९१
९१.१ (छेड़्‌ना)
९१.२ कर्‌ना
९१.४ देना, रख्‌ना
९१.७ चीर्‌ना, चुभोना
९१.९ बदल्‌ना
९१.१० गिर्‌ना, लिख्‌ना
९१.११ पाना
९१.१२ कह्‌ना, जान्‌ना
९१.१४ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ९२
९२.२ दौड़ाना
९२.३ रह्‌ना, जाना
९२.४ रह्‌ना
९२.५ खुजाना, जाना
९२.६ देना

ग़ज़ल् ९३
९३.१ समझ्‌ना
९३.२ उतर्‌ना
९३.३ तराश्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ९४
९४.१ देख्‌ना, चाह्‌ना, खुल्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ९५
९५.२ आना
९५.४ जाना, मर्‌ना
९५.६ कह्‌ना, जीना

ग़ज़ल् ९६
Common: देख्‌ना
९६.६ बनाना

ग़ज़ल् ९७
९७.१ मिल्‌ना
९७.२ बताना, रख्‌ना
९७.३ आना, जाना
९७.४ आना, लिख्‌ना, रख्‌ना, जान्‌ना
९७.५ आना, मिलाना
९७.६ चल्‌ना
९७.७ डाल्‌ना
९७.८ देना, भूल्‌ना, जाना
९७.९ चढ़्‌ना, पड़्‌ना
९७.१० चुराना, बिगड़्‌ना
९७.११ पाना, पड़्‌ना
९७.१२ आना
९७.१३ छुट्‌ना, पीना

ग़ज़ल् ९८
९८.३ निकल्‌ना, लगना
९८.४ देख्‌ना
९८.७ धर्‌ना
९८.१० समझ्‌ना, जाग्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ९९
९९.१ रोना, पीट्‌ना, रख्‌ना
९९.२ छोड़्‌ना, लेना, पूछ्‌ना, जाना
९९.३ जाना, जान्‌ना
९९.४ बाँध्‌ना, जान्‌ना
९९.५ लेना, कह्‌ना, जान्‌ना, लुटाना
९९.६ चल्‌ना, पॆह्चान्‌ना
९९.७ देना, पूज्‌ना
९९.८ भूल्‌ना, जाना
९९.९ रह्‌ना, समझ्‌ना
९९.१० देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १००
१००.१ बिगड़्‌ना, जाना
१००.३ कह्‌ना
१००.५ रह्‌ना
१००.६ कह्‌ना, लेना
१००.७ आना

ग़ज़ल् १०१
१०१.५ जान्‌ना
१०१.७ बन्द्‌ना (?)
१०१.८ देना

ग़ज़ल् १०२
१०२.१ समझ्‌ना, रह्‌ना, आना, पड़्‌ना
१०२.२ (थक्‌ना), रह्‌ना, जाना, पाना

ग़ज़ल् १०३
१०३.१ जाना

ग़ज़ल् १०४
१०४.१ सुन्‌ना, आना, बोल्‌ना
१०४.२ आना, आज़्माना

ग़ज़ल् १०५
१०५.१ लगाना, जाना, बैठ्‌ना, पाना

ग़ज़ल् १०६
Common: देख्‌ना
१०६.२ आना
१०६.३ लग्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १०७
१०७.२ कह्‌ना
१०७.३ आना, जाना
१०७.४ आना, कह्‌ना
१०७.५ मिल्‌ना
१०७.६ देना
१०७.७ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १०८
Common: बाँध्‌ना
१०८.२ देख्‌ना
१०८.६ पूछ्‌ना
१०८.१२ जाना
१०८.१३ भाग्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १०९
Common: रख्‌ना
१०९.८ सौँप्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ११०
११०.१ पड़्‌ना
११०.२ घब्राना, जाना
११०.३ मिटाना
११०.४ चाह्‌ना
११०.५ जान्‌ना
११०.६ रख्‌ना
११०.८ देना, जाना, कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १११
Common: जाना
१११.३ आना
१११.४ लेना
१११.६ बह्‌ना, समझ्‌ना
१११.७ लेना
१११.९ जाना, खुल्‌ना, (सुन्‌ना)
१११.१० जाना
१११.११ रोक्‌ना, उभर्‌ना
१११.१२ जाना
१११.१३ आना, जाना
१११.१४ मिट्‌ना, जाना
१११.१५ मिट्‌ना, जाना, पड़्‌ना
१११.१६ रोना, रह्‌ना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ११२
११२.२ देख्‌ना
११२.३ मिल्‌ना
११२.४ (कट्‌ना), सक्‌ना
११२.७ डर्‌ना, मान्‌ना
११२.९ मर्‌ना, जाना, लड़्‌ना
११२.१० देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ११३
११३.४ रख्‌ना, देना
११३.५ आना
११३.७ जान्‌ना
११३.८ देना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ११४
११४.२ उड़ाना, लेना, जाना
११४.४ आना
११४.७ खुल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ११५
११५.१ भर्‌ना, आना, रोना, सताना
११५.२ बैठ्‌ना, उठाना
११५.३ छिपाना
११५.४ आना
११५.५ पाना
११५.६ रह्‌ना, जाना, आज़्माना
११५.७ मिल्‌ना, बुलाना
११५.८ जाना
११५.९ (बंद्‌ना), रोना, कर्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् ११६
११६.१ दिखाना, पूछ्‌ना, बताना
११६.२ कह्‌ना, निकाल्‌ना
११६.३ पीना, लेना, आना
११६.४ बन्‌ना, कह्‌ना, देख्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना
११६.५ बैठ्‌ना
११६.६ कह्‌ना, चाह्‌ना, उठाना, देना
११६.७ कह्‌ना, जाना, देख्‌ना, चल्‌ना, लग्‌ना
११६.८ रह्‌ना, बन्‌ना, जाना
११६.९ मार्‌ना
११६.१० कह्‌ना, पढ़्‌ना, सुनाना

ग़ज़ल् ११७
११७.२ चाह्‌ना, भर्‌ना
११७.३ आना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् ११८
११८.१ जाना, रह्‌ना, देना, कह्‌ना, भूल्‌ना
११८.२ रह्‌ना, ड़ाल्‌ना, देना, लेना
११८.३ लग्‌ना
११८.४ जल्‌ना, खाना

ग़ज़ल् ११९
११९.२ छोड़्‌ना
११९.४ कह्‌ना
११९.५ डाल्‌ना, खेँच्‌ना
११९.६ समझ्‌ना
११९.९ मिट्‌ना
११९१.१० उठ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १२०
१२०.१ जान्‌ना
१२०.२ देना
१२०.३ निकल्‌ना
१२०.४ शर्माना, रख्‌ना
१२०.५ देख्‌ना, समझ्‌ना
१२०.६ बन्‌ना
१२०.७ आना, समझ्‌ना, ढूँढ्‌ना
१२०.८ गाढ़्‌ना
१२०.९ देना, देख्‌ना, झुक्‌ना, देना
१२०.१० लुट्‌ना, सोना, रह्‌ना, खटक्‌ना, देना
१२०.११ सक्‌ना, रख्‌ना, खोद्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १२१
१२१.१ धोना, पीना, रख्‌ता, खेँच्‌ना
१२१.२ देना, तोड़्‌ना, जाना
१२१.३ भाग्‌ना, दाब्‌ना
१२१.४ फिर्‌ना
१२१.५ हिल्‌ना
१२१.६ उड़्‌ना, उलझ्‌ना
१२१.७ आना, दिख्‌ना
१२१.८ पीना, धोना

ग़ज़ल् १२२
१२२.२ देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १२३
१२३.१ पहुँच्, आना
१२३.२ रख्‌ना
१२३.६ उड़ाना, चाह्‌ना, हँस्‌ना, बोल्‌ना
१२३.८ कह्‌ना
१२३.९ आना, खुल्‌ना
१२३.११ लेना, जाना
१२३.१२ रोना, हँस्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १२४
१२४.१ जान्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना, रह्‌ना
१२४.२ बच्‌ना
१२४.३ मान्‌ना
१२४.४ उभर्‌ना, मर्‌ना
१२४.५ छुट्‌ना
१२४.६ सुन्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १२५
१२५.१ जाना, कह्‌ना
१२५.२ जाना
१२५.५ उलझ्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१२५.६ कह्‌ना
१२५.७ पूछ्‌ना
१२५.८ मान्‌ना
१२५.९ बताना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १२६
१२६.१ देना
१२६.२ छेड़्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना
१२६.३ लग्‌ना, लाना
१२६.४ फोड़्‌ना, ठहर्‌ना
१२६.५ कह्‌ना, (डर्‌ना), गिर्‌ना
१२६.६ कह्‌ना, सक्‌ना, बत्लाना
१२६.७ देख्‌ना, खेँच्‌ना
१२६.९ आज़्माना, सताना, कह्‌ना, लेना
१२६.१० कह्‌ना, मिल्‌ना
१२६.११ निकाल्‌ना, चाह्‌ना, कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १२७
१२७.१ रह्‌ना, चल्‌ना
१२७.२ बनाना, चाह्‌ना
१२७.३ पड़्‌ना, (मर्‌ना), जाना

ग़ज़ल् १२८

ग़ज़ल् १२९
Common: पूछ्‌ना
१२९.२ उठाना
१२९.७ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३०
Common: उठाना

ग़ज़ल् १३१
Common: चाह्‌ना
१३१.३ देना
१३१.४ सीख्‌ना
१३१.६ निकल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३२
१३२.१ (सोना), रह्‌ना
१३२.२ रह्‌ना
१३२.३ बख़्श्‌ना
१३२.५ फ़र्माना
१३२.६ लेना, बैठ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३३
१३३.१ आना
१३३.२ लग्‌ना, देना
१३३.४ देख्‌ना, जाना, रह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३४
१३४.१ रह्‌ना, लेना
१३४.२ सुनाना, देना, बुलाना, लेना

ग़ज़ल् १३५
१३५.१ रख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३६
१३६.१ पाना, उठाना, देख्‌ना, आना
१३६.२ खुल्‌ना, खाना, जलाना
१३६.३ लिपट्‌ना, छिपाना
१३६.४ देख्‌ना, आना, उठ्‌ना
१३६.५ मर्‌ना, आना, जाना
१३६.६ सक्‌ना, उठाना
१३६.७ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३७
१३७.१ धोना, बैठ्‌ना, डूब्‌ना
१३७.२ बुझाना, देना

ग़ज़ल् १३८
१३८.४ आना
१३८.५ देना, रह्‌ना
१३८.६ बैठ्‌ना
१३८.७ मिटाना, देना, कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १३९
१३९.३ आना
१३९.४ बाँध्‌ना
१३९.५ लग्‌ना
१३९.७ जाना, छिप्‌ना
१३९.८ मिल्‌ना, जाना, उठ्‌ना
१३९.९ जाना, रह्‌ना, लग्‌ना, पाना
१३९.१० काट्‌ना
१३९.१२ पकड़्‌ना, रह्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १४०
१४०.१ देना, मर्‌ना
१४०.२ लेना, जान्‌ना
१४०.५ पीना, मिल्‌ना
१४०.६ मर्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १४१
१४१.१ समझ्‌ना
१४१.२ सुनाना
१४१.७ आना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १४२
१४२.१ खोद्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना, (दब्‌ना)
१४२.२ दिलाना

ग़ज़ल् १४३
१४३.१ लिख्‌ना, जाना
१४३.२ जल्‌ना
१४३.३ बुझ्‌ना, उठ्‌ना
१४३.५ कह्‌ना
१४३.६ खेँच्‌ना, खुल्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १४४
१४४.१ गुज़र्‌ना, बदल्‌ना, देना

ग़ज़ल् १४५
१४५.१ कह्‌ना
१४५.२ कह्‌ना
१४५.३ देख्‌ना
१४५.४ लेना, मिल्‌ना
१४५.५ सोना
१४५.९ जान्‌ना
१४५.११ उड़्‌ना, सक्‌ना
१४५.१४ बह्लाना

ग़ज़ल् १४६
१४६.२ रख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १४७
१४७.१ कह्‌ना
१४७.३ देख्‌ना
१४७.६ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १४८
१४८.८ देना
१४८.९ डाल्‌ना
१४८.१० छेड़्‌ना, चल्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १४९
१४९.२ ढूँड्‌ना
१४९.३ रह्‌ना
१४९.४ आना, लग्‌ना
१४९.५ खिल्‌ना
१४९.९ मिल्‌ना
१४९.१० देना

ग़ज़ल् १५०
१५०.१ गुज़र्‌ना, रख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५१
१५१.१ बन्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना, रह्‌ना
१५१.२ डर्‌ना, जाना, जाना
१५१.३ रख्‌ना, फिर्‌ना
१५१.४ गुज़र्‌ना, कह्‌ना
१५१.५ पूछ्‌ना
१५१.६ तराश्‌ना, चल्‌ना
१५१.७ पड़्‌ना, देना, लग्‌ना
१५१.९ भूल्‌ना
१५१.१० कह्‌ना, मिल्‌ना, मान्‌ना, सुन्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५२
१५२.३ भाग्‌ना
१५२.६ मान्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५३
Common: जाना
१५३.१ देख्‌ना, आना
१५३.२ धोना, पिघल्‌ना
१५३.३ आना
१५३.४ खेँच्‌ना, लेना, घब्राना
१५३.६ खोना, पाना
१५३.७ सुन्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना
१५३.८ बन्‌ना, खुल्‌ना, उड़्‌ना
१५३.९ खेँच्‌ना
१५३.१० भाग्‌ना, ठहर्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५४
१५४.१ रख्‌ना, देना
१५४.२ लेना
१५४.३ देना
१५४.४ रह्‌ना, देना
१५४.५ रह्‌ना, बख़्श्‌ना
१५४.६ देना
१५४.७ खोना, देना

ग़ज़ल् १५५
१५५.३ उठाना

ग़ज़ल् १५६
१५६.१ उग्‌ना, रह्‌ना, आना

ग़ज़ल् १५७
१५७.१ (मर्‌ना), जाना, चल्‌ना
१५७.२ देख्‌ना, कह्‌ना, जान्‌ना
१५७.४ मिल्‌ना, जाना
१५७.५ खेँच्‌ना, उठ्‌ना, सक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५८
Common: जाना
१५८.१ उतर्‌ना
१५८.२ जाना
१५८.३ उठ्‌ना
१५८.४ उड़्‌ना, फिर्‌ना
१५८.५ देख्‌ना
१५८.७ बिखर्‌ना
१५८.८ मिट्‌ना, गुज़र्‌ना
१५८.९ मार्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १५९
Common: मिल्‌ना
१५९.१ रोना
१५९.३ पीना
१५९.४ कह्‌ना
१५९.५ देख्‌ना
१५९.६ जान्‌ना
१५९.७ देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १६०
१६०.१ ठान्‌ना
१६०.३ देख्‌ना
१६०.४ देना, देख्‌ना
१६०.६ चुक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १६१
Common: आना
१६१.४ जान्‌ना
१६१.६ चीख़्‌ना
१६१.९ मर्‌ना
१३९.१० जाना

ग़ज़ल् १६२
१६२.३ रख्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना
१६२.७ आना
१६२.८ जान्‌ना
१६२.१० जान्‌ना
१६२.११ मान्‌ना, आना

ग़ज़ल् १६३
Common: आना
१६३.१ कह्‌ना, घब्राना
१६३.२ कह्‌ना, पूछ्‌ना
१६३.३ आना, समझ्‌ना
१६३.४ घब्राता, भाग्‌ना
१६३.५ डर्‌ना, झगड़्‌ना, समझ्‌ना
१६३.६ सुन्‌ना, देख्‌ना, मिल्‌ना, खोना
१६३.७ बैठ्‌ना
१६३.८ डुबोना
१६३.९ जाना, रोना

ग़ज़ल् १६४
१६४.२ खोद्‌ना, लग्‌ना
१६४.८ मर्‌ना
१६४.९ खुल्‌ना
१६४.१० रह्‌ना
१६४.११ देना

ग़ज़ल् १६५

ग़ज़ल् १६६
१६६.२ बख़्श्‌ना
१६६.४ उड़्‌ना, जाना
१६६.५ रोना

ग़ज़ल् १६७
१६७.१ जाना
१६७.२ उड़्‌ना, पाना
१६७.३ मिट्‌ना
१६७.४ पूछ्‌ना
१६७.६ लिख्‌ना, रह्‌ना
१६७.८ उठ्‌ना, जाना
१६७.९ खिँच्‌ना, सक्‌ना, आना
१६७.१० छोड़्‌ना, (लगाना)

ग़ज़ल् १६८
१६८.२ सुन्‌ना
१६८.३ देना, कह्‌ना, मिल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १६९
१६९.४ देख्‌ना
१६९.७ देख्‌ना, सुन्‌ना
१६९.९ देख्‌ना
१६९.११ देख्‌ना, आना
१६९.१२ रह्‌ना, जाना
१६९.१३ आना

ग़ज़ल् १७०
१७०.१ आना
१७०.२ देना
१७०.३ निकाल्‌ना, रोना
१७०.५ उठ्‌ना
१७०.७ खाई

ग़ज़ल् १७१
१७१.२ समझ्‌ना
१७१.३ चटक्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १७२
१७२.१ रह्‌ना
१७२.२ देख्‌ना
१७२.३ पूछ्‌ना, छेड़्ना
१७२.४ देना

ग़ज़ल् १७३
Common: आना
१७३.२ फिर्‌ना
१७३.४ देना
१७३.५ पाना
१७३.६ सूख्‌ना, जाना
१७३.७ मर्‌ना, जाना
१७३.९ उलझ्‌ना
१७३.११ समझ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १७४
१७४.२ देना, कह्‌ना, आना
१७४.३ लेना, आना
१७४.४ देना, मिल्‌ना
१७४.५ देख्‌ना, आना, जाना, समझ्‌ना
१७४.६ देख्‌ना, पाना, कह्‌ना
१७४.८ मिल्‌ना, जाना
१७४.९ रख्‌ना
१७४.१० रख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १७५
१७५.१ मर्‌ना
१७५.३ लगाना, बन्‌ना
१७५.७ समझ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १७६
१७६.१ चल्‌ना
१७६.२ चाह्‌ना, लिख्‌ना, चल्‌ना, सक्‌ना
१७६.३ झाड़्‌ना, उठाना
१७६.४ देना, पहुँच्‌ना
१७६.५ उठाना, आना
१७६.६ समझ्‌ना
१७६.७ आना, खाना

ग़ज़ल् १७७
१७७.१ कह्‌ना
१७७.२ छेड़्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१७७.३ समझ्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१७७.५ ठहर्‌ना, उठाना, लाना
१७७.६ चाह्‌ना
१७७.७ जाना, आना
१७७.१३ रख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १७८
१७८.१ कह्‌ना
१७८.२ बताना
१७८.४ चिपक्‌ना, रह्‌ना
१७८.५ जल्‌ना, कुरेद्‌ना
१७८.६ दौड़्‌ना, फिर्‌ना, टपक्‌ना
१७८.८ पीना, देख्‌ना, लेना
१७८.९ रह्‌ना, कह्‌ना
१७८.१० फिर्‌ना, इत्राना

ग़ज़ल् १७९
१७९.१ छेड़्‌ना, कह्‌ना, चल्‌ना, निकल्‌ना, पीना
१७९.३ देना
७९.४ आना, जाना, जीना

ग़ज़ल् १८०
१८०.१ लेना, रह्‌ना
१८०.३ लिख्‌ना
१८०.४ पीना, धोना
१८०.५ फँसाना
१८०.६ देख्‌ना, फिर्‌ना
१८०.७ देना

ग़ज़ल् १८१
१८१.१ आना
१८१.२ देख्‌ना, कह्‌ना
१८१.३ जाना
१८१.४ मिल्‌ना, बन्‌ना, जाना
१८१.५ देख्‌ना, देना
१८१.७ पाना

ग़ज़ल् १८२
१८२.२ रह्‌ना, सोना, फिर्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १८३
१८३.१ सुन्‌ना
१८३.२ पूछ्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१८३.३ रोना
१८३.४ भूल्‌ना, जाना
१८३.५ रुक्‌ना, जाना, देख्‌ना
१८३.६ रख्‌ना
१८३.८ खुल्‌ना, जाना
१८३.९ देना

ग़ज़ल् १८४
Common: माँग्‌ना
१८४.२ जान्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १८५
१८५.१ आना
१८५.३ सिखाना, आना

ग़ज़ल् १८६
१८६.१ सक्‌ना, लिख्‌ना, देना
१८६.२ आना
१८६.३ डर्‌ना, सुन्‌ना
१८६.४ रह्‌ना
१८६.५ लगाना, पूछ्‌ना
१८६.६ रह्‌ता

ग़ज़ल् १८७
१८७.१ देना
१८७.२ चल्‌ना
१८७.३ फिर्‌ना, पीना
१८७.५ रह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १८८
Common: चाह्‌ना
१८८.२ मिल्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् १८९
Common: चाह्‌ना
१८९.२ खेँच्‌ना
१८९.३ समझ्‌ना
१८९.५ छिपाना, छोड़्‌ना
१८९.६ खोना, देख्‌ना
१८९.७ चल्‌ना
१८९.८ मर्‌ना, देख्‌ना
१८९.९ देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९०
१९०.१ भाग्‌ना
१९०.३ रह्‌ना
१९०.७ मार्‌ना
१९०.१० टपक्‌ना
१९०.११ रह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९१
Common: बन्‌ना
१९१.१ सुना‌ना, बनाना
१९१.२ बुलाना, जाना, आना
१९१.३ समझ्‌ना, छोड़्‌ना, देना, भूल्‌ना जाना, सताना
१९१.४ फिर्‌ना, लेना, पूछ्‌ना, छिपाना
१९१.५ आना, लगाना
१९१.६ कह्‌ना, सक्‌ना, छोड़्‌ना, उठाना
१९१.७ देख्‌ना, आना, रह्‌ना, चाह्‌ना, बुलाना
१९१.८ गिर्‌ना, उठाना, उठ्‌ना, पड़्‌ना, बनाना
१९१.९ लगाना, बुझाना

ग़ज़ल् १९२
१९२.४ पाना
१९२.५ लिख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९३
Common: देना
१९३.१ आना
१९३.२ रोना, देना
१९३.३ देख्‌ना
१९३.४ पिलाना, देना
१९३.५ फुल्‌ना, जाना, दाब्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९४
१९४.३ आना
१९४.५ आना
१९४.६ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९५
Common: जाना
१९५.२ समझ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९६
१९६.२ बोना
१९६.४ खाना
१९६.५ गुज़र्‌ना, रह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९७
१९७.१ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९८
१९८.१ मर्‌ना
१९८.३ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् १९९
१९९.२ मिल्‌ना
१९९.३ सुन्‌ना
१९९.४ चल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २००
२००.२ मर्‌ना, देख्‌ना, रह्‌ना, जाना
२००.३ (देख्‌ना), आना

ग़ज़ल् २०१
Common: कह्‌ना
२०१.१ देना
२०१.२ आना, रह्‌ना
२०१.३ रह्‌ना
२०१.४ देना, रख्‌ना
२०१.५ (समझ्‌ना)
२०१.७ लड़्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २०२
२०२.१ देख्‌ना, जाना
२०२.२ बन्‌ना
२०२.३ जान्‌ता
२०२.४ लग्‌ना, लिख्‌ना, देना
२०२.६ लेना, देना, जाना
२०२.७ आना, सौँप्‌ना
२०२.९ देना

ग़ज़ल् २०३
२०३.३ चाह्‌ना
२०३.५ लगाना, जाना, आना

ग़ज़ल् २०४
२०४.५ आना, देख्‌ना, कह्‌ना
२०४.६ रह्‌ना
२०४.८ (पड़्‌ना), रह्‌ना
२०४.९ देख्‌ना
२०४.१० आना, देख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २०५
Common: जाना
२०५.१ आना, शर्‌माना
२०५.२ खेँच्‌ना, खिँच्‌ना
२०५.३ घब्राना
२०५.४ पूछ्‌ना, जाना, बोल्‌ना
२०५.५ सँभल्‌ना, देना, छूट्‌ना
२०५.६ (देख्‌ना), जाना
२०५.७ भाग्‌ना, ठहर्‌ना
२०५.८ सौँप्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २०६
२०६.२ जान्‌ना, मिट्‌ना
२०६.३ तोड़्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २०७
Common: देना
२०७.१ देख्‌ना, बत्लाना
२०७.२ देख्‌ना, आना, जाना, पहुँचाना
२०७.३ दिख्लाना, खोल्‌ना
२०७.४ बन्‌ना, जाना, उल्झाना

ग़ज़ल् २०८
२०८.४ घिस्‌ना
२०८.५ पूछ्‌ना, देख्‌ना
२०८.६ कह्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना
२०८.७ देख्‌ना, रख्‌ना, देना
२०८.८ गुज़र्‌ना, कह्‌ना, लेना
२०८.९ रोक्‌ना, खेँच्‌ना
२०८.१० कह्‌ना
२०८.११ मर्‌ना, जाना, आना
२०८.१२ आना, देख्‌ना
२०८.१३ रह्‌ना, देना
२०८.१४ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २०९
Common: कह्‌ना
२०९.३ उतर्‌ना, जाना
२०९.५ बन्‌ना
२०९.६ लिख्‌ना
२०९.८ रह्‌ना, देना, कट्‌ना
२०९.११ आना, लग्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २१०
Common: जाना
२१०.१ रोना, धोना
२१०.४ कह्‌ना
२१०.५ पूछ्‌ना
२१०.६ जाना
२१०.७ उठाना, देख्‌ना


ग़ज़ल् २११
२११.२ कह्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २१२

ग़ज़ल् २१३

ग़ज़ल् २१४
२१४.३ बन्‌ना
२१४.४ रोना
२१४.११ पीट्‌ना, तोड़्‌ना, जाना
२१४.१४ रख्‌ना, देख्‌ना
२१४.१६ दिख्लाना, तोड़्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २१५
२१५.४ कट्‌ना, कह्‌ना, सुन्‌ना
२१५.५ बक्‌ना, रह्‌ना, समझ्‌ना
२१५.६ सुन्‌ना, कह्‌ना
२१५.७ रोक्‌ना, लेना, चल्‌ना, बख़्श्‌ना, देना
२१५.१० उठ्ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् २१६
२१६.२ जान्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २१७
२१७.१ डराना, आना
२१७.२ उगाना
२१७.३ लेना, जाना
२१७.४ आना
२१७.५ उठाना, देना, देख्‌ना, मर्‌ना, जाना
२१७.६ डराना, चाह्‌ना, दिखाना
२१७.७ आना
२१७.८ उठाना
२१७.९ सताना
२१७.१० बिठाना

ग़ज़ल् २१८
२१८.१ रौँद्‌ना, इत्राना
२१८.२ देख्‌ना
२१८.३ खाना

ग़ज़ल् २१९
Common: निकल्‌ना
२१९.२ डर्‌ना, रह्‌ना
२१९.३ सुन्‌ना, आना
२१९.४ (खुल्‌ना), जाना
२१९.५ लिख्वाना, रख्‌ना
२१९.६ आना
२१९.७ पाना
२१९.८ (मर्‌ना), देख्‌ना, जीना
२१९.९ जान्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् २२०
Common: जाना

ग़ज़ल् २२१
२२१.३ आना

ग़ज़ल् २२२

ग़ज़ल् २२३
२२३.१ रख्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २२४
२२४.१ आना

ग़ज़ल् २२५
२२५.१ गिर्‌ना, जाना

ग़ज़ल् २२६
२२६.४ लाना, चाह्‌ना
२२६.५ देना

ग़ज़ल् २२७
Common: निकल्‌ना
२२७.२ बन्‌ना
२२७.३ पूछ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २२८
२२८.४ बन्‌ना
२२८.५ छिड़क्‌ना
२२८.६ आना, पड़्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २२९
Common: कह्‌ना
२२९.१ देना, लाना
२२९.२ लाना, रख्‌ना
२२९.३ फूँक्‌ना
२२९.४ डाल्‌ना
२२९.७ मान्‌ना
२२९.८ दिखाना

ग़ज़ल् २३०
२३०.३ जल्‌ना
२३०.९ पड़्‌ना
२४०.१० मिल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २३१
२३१.१ खुल्‌ना
२३१.२ पड़्‌ना
२३१.३ पीना, पिलाना
२३१.४ लड़्‌ता, उठाना, सुन्‌ना
२३१.५ उड़्‌ना
२३१.६ निकाल्‌ना
२३१.७ मिल्‌ना
२३१.९ लेना, चल्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २३२
२३२.१ खाना
२३२.२ कह्‌ना, आना
२३२.६ छोड़्‌ना
२३२.७ बन्‌ना
२३२.८ टपक्‌ना, रह्‌ना, देना,
२३२.९ जान्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २३३
२३३.३ रुक्‌ना, लग्‌ना
२३३.५ चल्‌ना
२३३.६ भर्‌ना, रह्‌ना
२३३.८ जाना
२३३.९ रह्‌ना
२३३.१० दौड़्‌ना
२३३.११ चाह्‌ना, खोल्‌ना
२३३.१२ माँग्‌ना
२३३.१३ ताक्‌ना
२३३.१५ पड़्‌ना, रह्‌ना
२३३.१६ ढूँढ्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना, रह्‌ना
२३३.१७ छेड़्‌ना, बैठ्‌ना

ग़ज़ल् २३४
२३४.१ रह्‌ना
२३४.२ रख्‌ना
२३४.३ बन्‌ना
२३४.४ रह्‌ना
२३४.५ रख्‌ना
२३४.७ समझ्‌ना, आना, उठ्‌ना
२३४.८ चाह्‌ना
२३४.९ देना, लग्‌ना, बन्‌ना
२३४.१० आना
२३४.११ बन्‌ना
२३४.१२ बन्‌ना
२३४.१३ चाह्‌ना

---

रोते भी रहे , हँस्‌ते भी रहे ...

In Lighter Vein

During a spaced-out drive today, I was listening to a बिहाग्-esque rendition by बेगम् अख़्तर् of सुदर्शन् फ़ाख़िर्'s "ऽइश्क़् मेँ ग़ैरत्-ए जज़्बात् ने रोने न दिया" when I realized that I could wholesale replace "रोना" with "हँस्‌ना" and it would still mean something tangible (albeit, as a spoof). So, here goes, with more than due apologies to फ़ाख़िर्:

(१)
ऽइश्क़् मेँ ग़ैरत्-ए जज़्बात् ने हँस्‌ने न दिया
वर्नः क्या बात् थी किस् बात् ने हँस्‌ने न दिया

(२)
आप् कह्‌ते थे कि हँस्‌ने से न बद्‌लेँगे नसीब्
ऽउम्र् भर् आप् की इस् बात् ने हँस्‌ने न दिया

(३)
हँस्‌ने वालोँ से कहो उन् का भी हँस्‌ना हँस्‌ लेँ
जिन् को मज्बूरी-ए हालात् ने हँस्‌ने न दिया

(४)
तुझ्‌से मिल्‌कर् हमेँ हँस्‌ना था, बहुत् हँस्‌ना था
तंगी-ए वक़्त्-ए मुलाक़ात् ने हँस्‌ने न दिया

(५)
एक् दो रोज् का सद्मः हो तो हँस्‌लेँ "फ़ाख़िर्"
हम् को हर् रोज़् के सद्मात् ने हँस्‌ने न दिया

Interestingly, the मत्लऽ (शॆऽर् १) and मक़्तऽ (शॆऽर् ५) actually work really well; infact, the मक़्तऽ is perfect. It's only शॆऽर् २ which stands out as odd. शॆऽर् ३ kind of makes sense. शॆऽर् ४ reads rather nicely.

The Hindi-Urdu Dichotomy

The Hindi-Urdu Question

Urdu and Hindi are generally held to be two distinct languages in popular opinion. And, indeed, viewed through the narrow sociolinguistic lens, there is no arguing that these are two distinct languages. However, what about linguists at large? Do they agree?

Much work on addressing this issue has already been done. So, instead of re-inventing the wheel, allow me to simply borrow from existing work and synthesize it in this post. This post remains a work-in-progress and will continue to be updated and augmented as and when I get the opportunity to do so.

Terminology adopted for this post

Hindi: A specific standard register based off the Khari Boli (खड़ी बोली) dialect of the Dehli region. It is now the National Language of India.

Urdu: A specific standard register based off the Khari Boli (खड़ी बोली) dialect of the Dehli region. It is now the National Language of Pakistan, and also accorded the status of an official language in the Constitution of India.

Hindvi: An umbrella term that not only encompasses the varieties of Khari Boli tongues but also non-Khari Boli tongues in the North Indian subcontinent. (Sometimes, the word Hindustani is used for this purpose, and more commonly the umbrella term Hindi is used which can lead to confusion if the distinction is not clear.)

Two Languages or Two Dialects?

The Wikipedia entries which already condense the research and opinions in one place are a good starting point. The introductory section of the Wikipedia page for Urdu states the following (extract 17-Jul-2010, emphasis mine):

Urdu is often contrasted with Hindi, another standardised form of Hindustani. The main differences between the two are that Standard Urdu is conventionally written in Nastaliq calligraphy style of the Perso-Arabic script and draws vocabulary more heavily from Persian and Arabic, while Standard Hindi is conventionally written in Devanāgarī and draws vocabulary from Sanskrit comparatively more heavily. Most linguists nonetheless consider Urdu and Hindi to be two standardized forms of the same language [20]; others classify them separately [21], while some consider any differences to be sociolinguistic [22].
...
[20] "Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu could be considered co-dialects, but have important sociolinguistic differences.", Ethnologue Report for Hindi.
[21] Ralph Russell, “Some notes on Hindi and Urdu", The Annual of Urdu Studies, vol. 11, 1996, pg. 204.
[22] Asghar Ali Engineer, "Urdu and its Contribution to Secular Values", May 1998.

I personally lean towards the first and the third options. I agree that at the sociolinguistic level the two languages can easily be argued to be distinct. However, I join the linguists who hold that they are two standard forms of the same Khari Boli (खड़ी बोली) dialect within the Hindvi dialect soup. Effectively, that makes them sister dialects in the Hindvi family of tongues.

The Wikipedia entry for Hindi has a full section devoted to a more formal appreciation of the differences. The paragraphs of interest are (extract 17-Jul-2010, emphasis mine):

Standard Hindi and Urdu are understood from a linguistic perspective to indicate two or more specific dialects in a continuum of dialects that make up the Hindustani language (also known as "Hindi-Urdu"). The terms "Hindi" and "Urdu" themselves can be used with multiple meanings, but when referring to standardized dialects of Hindustani, they are the two points in a pluricentric language.
...
Linguistically, there is no dispute that Hindi and Urdu are dialects of a single language, Hindustani/Hindi-Urdu. However, from a political perspective, there are pressures to classify them as separate languages. Those advocating this view point to the main differences between standard Urdu and standard Hindi:

• the source of borrowed vocabulary;
• the script used to write them (for Urdu, an adaptation of the Perso-Arabic script written in Nasta'liq style; for Hindi, an adaptation of the Devanagari script);
• Urdu's use of five consonants borrowed from Persian script.

Such distinctions, however, are insufficient to classify Hindi and Urdu as separate languages from a linguistic perspective.
...
The rubric "Hindi" is often used as a catch-all for those idioms in the North Indian dialect continuum that are not recognised as languages separate from the language of the Delhi region. Bihari and Chhattisgarhi for example, while sometimes recognised as being distinct languages, are often considered dialects of Hindi. Many other local idioms, such as the Bhili languages, which do not have a distinct identity defined by an established literary tradition, are almost always considered dialects of Hindi. In other words, the boundaries of "Hindi" have little to do with mutual intelligibility, and instead depend on social perceptions of what constitutes a language.

The other use of the word "Hindi" is in reference to Standard Hindi, the Khari Boli register of the Delhi dialect of Hindi (generally called Hindustani) with its direct loanwords from Sanskrit. Standard Urdu is also a standardized form of Hindustani. Such a state of affairs, with two standardized forms of what is essentially one language, is known as a pluricentric language.

The above extracts outline the nominal linguistic opinion on this 'false' dichotomy between Hindi and Urdu; i.e. the linguistic consensus is that they are both dialects in a 'clinal continuum'.

But don't different scripts mean different languages?

The relationship between a language and a script is many-to-many (M:N). In other words, a single language could adopt multiple scripts (e.g. Konkani is written in Roman, Kannada, Devanagari scripts depending on the where the speaker is located), or a single script may be used by multiple languages (e.g. Devanagari is used by both Marathi and Hindi). Further, many languages do not have any form of writing at all. As a result, a script does not form a basis for distinguishing between dialects and languages.

Also, consider that writing, and thus scripts, are relatively modern inventions compared to language. If scripts were the primary way to distinguish between languages, then for the era prior to the invention of scripts one would be hard-pressed to argue about language and dialect variation.

Finally, the script question is a non-issue linguistically because linguistic analysis relies on phonology, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, and semantics.

A Comparative Grammar

A good starting resource on comparative studies of modern Indic languages is the three volume book "A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India" by John Beames. I reproduce below some of the relevant extracts from that book. Some of the contextual information is dated, though the linguistic aspects pertaining to Hindi/Urdu are not. (Again, all emphasis mine.)

{pp. 31-32}: Under the general head of Hindi are included many dialects, some of which differ widely from one another, though not so much so as to give them the right to be considered separate languages. Throughout the whole of this vast region, though the dialects diverge considerably, one common universal form of speech is recognized, and all educated persons use it. This common dialect had its origin apparently in the country around Delhi, the ancient capital, and the form of Hindi spoken in that neighbourhood was adopted by degrees as the basis of a new phase of the language, in which, though the inflections of nouns and verbs remained purely and absolutely Hindi, and a vast number of the commonest vocables were retained, a large quantity of Persian and Arabic and even Turkish words found a place, just as Latin and Greek words do in English. Such words, however, in no way altered or influenced the language itself, which, when its inflectional or phonetic elements are considered, remains still a pure Aryan dialect, just as pure in the pages of Wali or Sauda, as it is in those of Tulsi Das or Bihari Lal. It betrays therefore a radical misunderstanding of the whole bearings of the question, and of the whole science of philology, to speak of Urdu and Hindi as two distinct languages. When certain agitators cry out that the language of the English courts of law in Hindustan should be Hindi and not Urdu, what they mean is that clerks and native writers should be restrained from importing too many Persian and Arabic words into their writings, and should use instead the honest old Sanskrit Tadbhavas with which the Hindi abounds. By all means let it be so, only let it not be said that the Urdu is a distinct language from Hindi. [The most correct way of speaking would be to say "the Urdu dialect of Hindi," or "the Urdu phase of Hindi." It would be quite impossible in Urdu to compose a single sentence without using Aryan words, though many sentences might be composed in which not a single Persian word occurred.]
...
{page 39}: By a curious caprice, Hindi, when it uses Arabic words, is assumed to become a new language, and is called by a new name - Urdu; but when Panjabi or Sindhi do the same, they are not so treated.

Further Reading

There are other published works that trace the development of Hindi/Urdu literature, the evolution of these two dialects under the Hindvi umbrella, and related topics.

• Alok Rai, "The Persistence of Hindustani", The Annual of Urdu Studies, vol. 20, 2005, pp. 135-144.
• T. Grahame Bailey, "Urdu: The Name and the Language", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 2, 1930, pp. 391-400.
  
• T. Grahame Bailey, "The Pronunciation of Urdu and Hindi", Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, vol. 2(3), 1922, pp. 539-547.
• Ralph Russell, "Some Notes on Hindi and Urdu", The Annual of Urdu Studies, vol. 11, 1996, pp. 203-208. (Russell advocates the two-language theory but largely on the basis that the standard/literary forms are mutually unintelligible. However, this is not the nominal linguistic consensus.)
  
• David Lelyveld, "Zuban-e Urdu-e Mu`alla and the Idol of Linguistic Origins", The Annual of Urdu Studies, vol. 9, 1994, pp. 57-67.
• Barz, Yadav, "An Introduction to Hindi and Urdu", Munshiram Manorharlal Publications, 2000.
• Shackle, Snell, "Hindi and Urdu since 1800 - A common reader", Heritage Publishers, 1990.
• Shantanu Phukan, "The Rustic Beloved: Ecology of Hindi in a Persianate World", The Annual of Urdu Studies, vol. 15, 2000, pp. 3-30.

The Hindi-Urdu Issue in the Public Media

• Heather Carreiro, "Why Hindi-Urdu is One Language and Arabic is several: Linguistic analysis is not always politically correct", Matador Abroad, 2010.
  
• Dr Syed Mohammed Anwer, "The Hindi-Urdu question", The News, 2010.
• Razia Husain, "Story of Hindustani", Chowk, 2009 & "Story of Hindustani II", Chowk, 2010.
  

urdU verbs (ye) / उर्दू अफ़्`आल (य)

This is a list of non-compound hindUstAnI verbs that have the ye (ي) of the fArsI alphabet as the first letter. See my earlier post "A Deluge of Verbs ...?" for a background. This list was generated by mining the online version of Platts' Dictionary, and is a verbatim copy of the entries therein. This list may not be exhaustive & complete.

1 non-compound verb starting with the ye is listed below.

H ياچنا याचना yāćnā, or jāćnā, v.t. & int.=جاچنا jāćnā, q.v.

urdU verbs (ChHOTI he) / उर्दू अफ़्`आल (ह)

This is a list of non-compound hindUstAnI verbs that have the ChHOTI he (ه) of the fArsI alphabet as the first letter. See my earlier post "A Deluge of Verbs ...?" for a background. This list was generated by mining the online version of Platts' Dictionary, and is a verbatim copy of the entries therein. This list may not be exhaustive & complete.

144 non-compound verbs starting with the ChHOTI he are listed below.

H هاپنا हापना hāpnā, v.n. prop. hāṅpnā, q.v.

H هارنا हारना hārnā [har˚ = Prk. हारे(इ) or हार(इ), fr. S. हार 'loss,' &c., rt. हृ], v.n. To be defeated, be worsted, be overcome, be unsuccessful; to lose (in play, or in battle, &c.); to fail;--to be fatigued, or tired out; to become dispirited;--to become old or feeble;--v.t. To lose:--hār-jānā, v.n. intensive of hārnā:--hār-denā, v.t. (intens.) To lose; to squander; to gamble away:--baćan hārnā (-ko), To give one's word, to promise.

H هاڙنا हाड़ना hāṛnā (dialec.), v.t. To examine the correctness of (a pair of scales), or to test the accuracy of (weights and measures):--hāṛ-lenā, v.t. intens. of hāṛnā.

H هاکنا हाकना hāknā, v.t. (dialec.)=hāṅknā, q.v.

H هالنا हालना hālnā [hāl˚ = Prk. हल्ल(इ)=S. व्हल्य(ते), pass. (used actively) of rt. व्हल्], v.n. To move, shake, tremble, vibrate; to be agitated;--(gerund) shaking, trembling; ague-fit, paroxysm (e.g. yah dawā mat khānā tap-ke hālne-meṅ).

H هانپنا हांपना hāṅpnā [hāṅp˚ = Prk. हंप(इ)=धंप(इ), or धंपे(इ)=S. ध्मापय(ति), caus. of rt. ध्मा], v.n. To blow, puff, pant, be out of breath.

H هانپهنا हांफना hāṅphnā [hāṅp˚ = Prk. हंप(इ)=धंप(इ), or धंपे(इ)=S. ध्मापय(ति), caus. of rt. ध्मा], v.n. To blow, puff, pant, be out of breath.

H هانڐنا हांडना hāṅḍnā [hāṅḍ˚ prob. Prk. भंड(इ)=S. भण्ड(तें), rt. भण्ड्;--or=S. हिण्ड(ते), rt. हिण्ड्], v.n. To wander, ramble, stray about; to gad about (syn. bhaṭaknā, bhramnā).

H هانسنا हांसना hāṅsnā, v.n. (rustic or dialec.) =هنسنا haṅsnā, q.v.

H هانکنا हांकना hāṅknā [hāṅk˚ = Prk. हक्क(इ), or हक्के(इ), fr. S. हक्+कृ], v.n. & v.t. To cry out, shout, bawl (to, -ko);--to drive, urge on (a beast, by shouts and cries, &c.); to work (by driving); to carry on, to conduct;--to drive out or off or away;--to tell, utter, bring out, pour forth (e.g. jhak hāṅknā, 'to utter ravings, to rave'; jhūṭī-saććī hāṅknā, 'to utter or pour forth lies'; dūn-kī hāṅknā, 'to utter boasting, to boast';--cf. P. rāndan; sukhan rāndan, &c.);--to drive off (flies, &c., with a fan), to use (a fan), to fan:--hāṅk-denā, v.t. intens. of and=hāṅknā:--dām ʻhāṅknā (-ke liye), To ask an exorbitant price (for).

H هبکنا हबकना habaknā, v.t. &c.=hapaknā, q.v.

H هپرانا हपराना haparānā or haprānā [˚rā, prob. caus. aff.; or=Prk. dim. ड=S. र+ānā, as in haphhaphānā q.v.], v.t. To eat with a noise; to munch:--haprīke khānā, v.t. Idem.

H هپکنا हपकना hapaknā [hapak˚, prob. = Prk. हप्पक्के(इ), fr. S. त्र्हप्+कृ; or akin to jhapak˚, q.v.], v.t. To swallow suddenly and with a noise, to gobble, to bolt;--v.n. To wonder, marvel:--hapak-lenā, v.t. (intens.) To gulp down, to gobble up.

H هپهہپهانا हफहफाना haphhaphānā [haphhaph˚, by redupl. of hāṅph(nā), q.v.+ ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+ nā], v.n. To blow, pant, gasp.

H هتنا हतना hatnā [hat˚ = Prk. हत्ते(इ) or हत्त(इ), fr. हत्त=S. हत, p.p.p. of rt. हन्], v.t. To slay, kill, to slaughter (i.q. hannā, q.v.).

H هتهوڙيانا हथौड़ियाना hathauṛiyānā [hathauṛiya˚ = hathauṛī, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v.t. To strike or beat with a hammer, to hammer.

H هتهيانا हथियाना hathiyānā (hathiyā, q.v. + ā = āw, &c., as in hathauṛiyānā, q.v.), v.t. To take hold of, to seize; to lay hands on; to occupy; to appropriate; to purloin, pilfer, pocket; to obtain by fraud.

H هتيانا हतियाना hatiyānā, v.t.=hathiyānā, q.v.

H هٿانا हटाना haṭānā (caus. of haṭnā, q.v.), v.t. To take away, to remove; to move out of the way, put back, put aside;--to cause to recede, to drive back or off, to repel; to worst, foil;--to put off, postpone:--haṭā-denā, v.t. (intens.) To move aside or out of the way;--to drive back, to repel, repulse, &c. (see haṭānā).

H هٿکانا हटकाना haṭkānā (caus. of haṭaknā, q.v.) v.t. To cause to retreat, to drive back, to repulse;--to check, stop, hinder, prevent;--(dialec.) to shout to in defiance, to challenge;--to accost.

H هٿکنا हटकना haṭaknā [haṭak˚, prob.=Prk. हटक्के(इ), fr. S. हृत (p.p.p. of rt. हृ)+कृ], v.n. To be sent or driven back, to be repulsed; to be checked or stopped; to retreat;--to move;--to stop;--to be backward; to have a misgiving; to hesitate, to shrink (from, -se), be averse (to); to boggle.

H هٿنا हटना haṭnā [haṭ˚, prob.=S. हृत, p.p.p. of rt. हृ], v.n. To move out of the way (of); to move away (from, -se), to fall back, to retire, recede; to move, stir, or budge (from);--to be driven back, be repulsed; to retreat;--to shrink or recoil (from), to be averse (to); to be sated or cloyed;--to go back (from), withdraw, back out (of);--to decline, or fall away (from), to backslide;--to be put off, be postponed;--to die:--haṭ-jānā, v.n. (intens.) To move away, to go aside; to retreat, &c.:--jī haṭ-jānā (-se), The mind to be averse (from); to be sated, &c.

H هٿنا हटना haṭnā (fr. haṭ, q.v.), v.n. To be pertinacious, or obstinate, &c. (i.q. haṭh karnā).

H هٿهرنا हठरना haṭharnā (fr. haṭhar), v.n. To hurry; to be impatient.

H هٿهنا हठना haṭhnā (fr. haṭh, q.v.), v.n. To be pertinacious, or importunate, &c. (i.q. haṭh karnā, q.v.s.v. haṭh).

H هچکانا हिचकाना hićkānā (causat. of hićaknā, q.v.), v.t. To seize and take (from) violently; to pluck; to snatch (from);--to pull or jerk up or away;--to jerk; to jolt.

H هچکچانا हिचकिचाना hićkićānā [hićkićā˚, by redupl. of khic˚ (=khiṅć˚ = kheṅć, rt. of kheṅćnā, q.v.) + ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā], v.n. To draw back; to waver, hesitate; to doubt, be in suspense; to falter; to hum and haw;--to wriggle; to hitch.

H هچکنا हिचकना hićaknā [hićak˚, prob. fr. hića (=khića = kheṅć, rt. of kheṅćnā)+S. कृ], v.n. To draw back (from, -se), to shrink (from), to stop, to hesitate, to boggle, to waver; to turn (from) in loathing or aversion; to decline;--to jerk, to move by jerks, to hitch, to hobble; to wriggle, twist (cf. khisaknā).

H هچکيانا हिचकियाना hićkiyānā [hićkiyā˚ = hićkī+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā], v.n. To hiccough.

H هچمچانا हिचमिचाना hićmićānā, v.n. (dialec.)=hićkićānā, q.v.

H هچنا हिचना hićnā (hić˚ = kheṅć(nā), q.v.), v.n.=hićaknā, q.v.

H هدرانا हदराना hadrānā (caus. of hadarnā), v.t. To cause to shake or tremble (by a shock or blow, &c.); to jolt;--to shake, to agitate.

H هدرنا हदरना hadarnā [hadar˚, prob.=Prk. हदड=S. हत (p.p.p. rt. हन्)+र], v.n. (dialec.) To shake tremulously (as from a shock or concussion), to tremble, shiver, quake; to vibrate;--to be jolted.

H هدهدانا हिदहिदाना hidhidānā, or हदहदाना hadhadānā(?), v.n. (dialec.) To become melted, or soft, or flaccid; to lose firmness and soundness.

H هديانا हदियाना hadiyānā [perhaps fr. Prk. हद=S. हत, rt. हन्; or fr. Prk. हद्धि=S. हा+धिक्], v.n. To be agitated (about), to be alarmed or apprehensive (of, -se), to be timid or shy (of); to tremble (at), to shrink (from), to hesitate, to scruple (cf. hadarnā).

H هڐکنا हुडकना huḍaknā, v.n.=هڙکنا huṛaknā, q.v.

H هڐيانا हड्डियाना haḍḍiyānā, or हडियाना haḍiyānā [haḍḍiyā˚ = haḍḍī+ā = āw = Prk. आव=आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā], v.n. To ossify.

H هرانا हराना harānā, or हिराना hirānā [harā˚ or hirā˚ = harāw˚ or hirāw˚ = Prk. हाराव(इ)=S. हार (rt. हृ)+caus. aug. आपय(ति)], v.t. To defeat, overcome, overthrow, conquer; to win; to beat (at any game, &c.), to foil, worst; to hunt down;--to outwit; to weary, tire out;--(hirānā) to lose, to mislay:--hirānā, or hirā-jānā, v.n. To be lost; to be mislaid; to be missing:--harā-denā, v.t. intens. of harānā.

H هراونا हरावना harāwnā or harāʼonā, or हिरावना hirāwnā or hirāʼonā, v.t.=harānā, q.v.:--hirāwnā, v.n.=hirānā, q.v.

H هرسنا हरसना harasnā, or हरिसना harisnā [haris˚ = Prk. हरिस(इ)=S. हर्ष(ति), rt. हृष्], v.n. (dialec.)=harshnā, q.v.

H هرشنا हर्षना harshnā [harsh˚ = S. हर्ष(ति), rt. हृष्], v.n. To be delighted, or glad, or pleased; to rejoice, exult; to be happy;--to blow, to bloom (as a flower).

H هرکانا हरकाना harkānā (caus. of haraknā), v.t.=هڙکانا haṛkānā, q.v.

H هرکانا हिरकाना hirkānā, v.t. (dialec.) To join;--to move.

H هرکنا हरकना haraknā, v.n. (dialec.)=هڙکنا haṛaknā, q.v.

H هرکنا हिरकना hiraknā (prob. i.q. haraknā), v.n. (dialec.) To meet (with);--to turn away (from), to feel aversion (for), to loathe;--to scamper.\

H هرکهنا हरखना harakhnā, v.n.=harasnā = harshnā, qq.v.

H هرنا हरना harnā [Prk. हरणअं; S. हरणीयं, rt. हृ], v.t. To take, seize; to take away, to remove; to take by force, to carry off; to kidnap; to steal, plunder, spoil, destroy;--to captivate, charm, bewitch.

H هرنا हुरना hurnā (cf. hūlnā), v.t. To beat down (as paviors).

H هرهرانا हुरहुराना hurhurānā [hurhurā˚ = S. घुर्घुरक+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+ nā], v.n. To growl (as a tiger, &c.), &c.; to purr (as a cat); to purl (as a brook);--to shiver (as in ague).

H هريانا हरियाना hariyānā [hariyā, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā], v.n. To become verdant, to wax green, &c. (i.q. harā-honā, q.v.).

H هريانا हरियाना hariyānā (hariy˚, prob. for harī, fem. part. of harnā+ānā as in the preceding), v.t. (dialec.) To stop, to prevent.

H هڙبڙانا हड़बड़ाना haṛbaṛānā [haṛbaṛ˚, perhaps fr. S. हूल (rt. हूल्) by redupl. or alliteration (cf. hālnā);--or akin to khalbal˚, or ghabr(ānā), qq.v.;--˚ānā = ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā], v.n. To be flurried, to be confused, to be agitated; to be in consternation;--to be in a hurry; to hurry; to be precipitate;--to start up from a troubled dream or sleep; to be fidgety, or restless;--to rumble (as the bowels);--v.t. To flurry, to confuse, to perplex.

H هڙکانا हड़काना haṛkānā (caus. of haṛaknā), v.t. To cause to long for;--to tantalize;--to drive away, turn out; to discourage, deter; to estrange;--to stop, prevent, forbid;--to scorch (prop. harkānā).

H هڙکنا हड़कना haṛaknā, v.n. To feel a great desire (for), to have a longing (for), to long, crave;--to grieve (for), to fret, pine;--to be driven away; to be kept at a distance; to be estranged;--to be discouraged, or deterred;--to stop;--to remove;--to be scorched (in this sense haraknā is the usual form).

H هڙکنا हुड़कना huṛaknā, v.n. To fret, to pine (i.q. haṛaknā);--to peep (i.q. hulaknā).

H هڙکنا हुड़कना huṛaknā, v.t. (dialec.) To remember.

H هڙنا हड़ना haṛnā, v.n. (dialec.) To be tested (as the accuracy of a weight, &c.).

H هڙهڙانا हड़हड़ाना haṛhaṛānā, हुड़हुड़ाना huṛhuṛānā, or हिड़हिड़ाना hiṛhiṛānā [haṛhaṛ˚ = halhal˚, by redupl. fr. S. हूल(ति), rt. हूल्; cf. haṛbaṛānā], v.n. To shudder, to shiver (as in an ague, &c.), to tremble, shake, flutter (from excitement, &c.);--to crash; to rattle; to twang (as a bow-string); to rumble;--to hurry (i.q. haṛbaṛānā).

H هسانا हसाना hasānā (caus. of hasnā), v.t.=haṅsānā, q.v.

H هسنا हसना hasnā, v.n. To laugh, &c. (i.q. haṅsnā, q.v.).

H هشکارنا हुशकारना huśkārnā (hush + kārnā, qq.v.), v.t. To scare away (birds, &c.), to put to flight;--to halloo, to set (dogs) on, to incite.

H هکارنا हकारना hakārnā, v.t.=هنکارنا haṅkārnā, q.v.

H هکالنا हकालना hakālnā, v.t. (dialec.)=hakārnā.

H هکاونا हकावना hakāwnā, or hakāʼonā, v.t.=haṅkāwnā, q.v.

H هکبکانا हकबकाना hakbakānā [hak-bak, the weak form of hakkā-bakkā, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā], v.n. To be dumb-foundered; to become confused, or irresolute; to be aghast.

H هکلانا हकलाना haklānā (haklā, q.v.+ānā, as in hakbakānā, q.v.), v.n. To stammer, stutter, falter:--haklā-ke bolnā, v.n.=haklānā.

H هگانا हगाना hagānā (caus. of hagnā), v.t. To cause to go to stool; to produce action of the bowels; to purge.

H هگنا हगना hagnā [hag˚ = Prk. हग्ग(इ); fr. S. हद्+कृ], v.n. To go to stool, to evacuate; to dung, to mute.

H هلارنا हिलारना hilārnā, v.t. (dialec. or rustic)=hilānā, q.v.;--v.n.=hilornā (?), q.v.

H هلانا हिलाना hilānā, (dialec.) हलाना halānā (caus. of hilnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to shake, or rock, or vibrate, &c.; to shake, rock, stir, move, agitate, wag;--to familiarize, inure; to domesticate, tame.

H هلانا हिलाना hilānā (caus. of helnā), v.t. To cause to swim.

H هلبلانا हलबलाना halbalānā, v.n. (dialec.)=haṛbaṛānā, q.v.;--v.t. To impair.

H هلپنا हलपना halapnā [halap˚ = Prk. हलप्प(इ)=S. व्हलाप्य(ते), caus. pass. of rt. व्हल्], v.n. To toss about, to tumble about, to flounder;--to shudder, shiver (in ague, &c.).

H هلرانا हलराना halrānā [prob. a caus. form of hālnā, q.v.), v.t. (dialec.) To shake; to toss up and down, to dandle, play with, amuse.

H هلراونا हलरावना halrāwnā [prob. a caus. form of hālnā, q.v.), v.t. (dialec.) To shake; to toss up and down, to dandle, play with, amuse.

H هلسانا हुलसना hulsānā (caus. of hulasnā), v.t. To gladden, delight, rejoice, exhilarate, cheer; to encourage, inspirit, inspire with hope of;--to stir up, excite, stimulate.

H هلسنا हुलसना hulasnā [hulas˚ = Prk. उल्लस(इ)=S. उल्लस(ति), rt. लस् with उद्], v.n. To be gladdened, be rejoiced, be pleased or delighted, be cheered, &c. (see hulsānā); to rejoice.

H هلکارنا हुलकारना hulkārnā (see hulaknā), v.t. To incite, to set on (as cocks, &c., to fight), to halloo on (as a dog on a bull, &c.).

H هلکانا हलकाना halkānā [halkā, q.v. + ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आ (caus. aug.) + nā], v.t. To lighten (i.q. halkā karnā).

H هلکانا हलकाना halkānā (caus. of halaknā), v.t. To cause to move; to spur on, to incite, to abet.

H هلکنا हलकना halaknā [Prk. हलक्क(इ), fr. S. व्हल+कृ], v.n. To move.

H هلکنا हिलकना hilaknā [Prk. हिलक्क(इ), fr. S. व्हृ+कृ; cf. hilnā], v.n. To writhe, to suffer contortions (from affliction or pain), to be contorted, or convulsed;--to clutch, to cling (to); cf. hilagnā.

H هلکنا हुलकना hulaknā [Prk. हुड्डक्के(इ), fr. S. हूड्+कृ; cf. hūlnā], v.t. To rush upon, to attack, to charge;--to search;--v.n. To peep (i.q. huṛaknā).

H هلکورنا हिलकोरना hilkornā, or हलकोरना halkornā (akin to hilaknā), v.t. To gather up, collect, accumulate;--to shake, agitate; to disturb; to confound, perplex;--v.n. To fluctuate; to waver;--to billow, surge.

H هلگانا हिलगना hilgānā (caus. of hilagnā), v.t. To suspend, to tie loosely (to, -se), to hang, to attach; to keep dangling;--to cause or enable (one) to obṭain employment, to put (one) into a berth or post:--hilgā-denā, v.t. intens. of and=hilgānā.

H هلگنا हिलगना hilagnā (prob. a var. form of hilaknā, q.v.), v.n. To be suspended, to be hung on; to be entangled or involved;--to hang (by or to); to cling or cleave (to), to stick, to adhere;--to be undetermined or undecided; to be wavering, or in a state of vacillation.

H هلنا हिलना hilnā [hil˚ = Prk. हिर(इ) or हिल(इ)=S. व्हर(ति), rt. व्हृ], v.n. To shake, move, stir; to heave; to go (or to sway) to and fro, to rock; to vibrate; to tremble;--to be moved, to be agitated;--to be familiarized; to be domesticated, to be tamed:--hil-jānā, v.n. intens. of and=hilnā.

H هلورنا हिलोरना hilornā, (dialec.) हलोरना halornā. (see hilor), v.n. To shake; to swing or rock to and fro; to be agitated;--to wave, billow, surge; to eddy;--v.t. To shake together; to gather up, to collect, accumulate.

H هلہلانا हलहलाना halhalānā, v.n. To shake, shiver, shudder, &c. (i.q. harharānā, q.v.);--v.t. To cause to shake or tremble, &c.; to shake;--to imprecate, curse.

H هليانا हलियाना haliyānā, or हुलियाना huliyānā [haliy˚, prob.=Prk. हल्लिआ (see hālnā)+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā], v.n. To heave (as the stomach); to feel nausea, to nauseate (syn. matlānā).

H هليانا हुलियाना huliyānā (huliy˚, for hūlī (fr. hūl-nā, q.v.)+ānā, as in the preceding), v.t. To gore; to butt.

H همسانا हुमसाना humsānā, v.t. (dialec.) To scare;--to raise.

H همکنا हुमकना humaknā [humak˚, prob.=Prk. धुवक्क (इ), fr. S. धाव+कृ], v.n. To rush (upon, -par); to make an attack (upon), to assault; to leap forward; to stretch forward;--to make spasmodic efforts at walking, to attempt to walk (as a child;--also humak-kar ćalnā).

H همگنا हुमगना humagnā, v.n. A dialec. form of humaknā, q.v.

H هنا हन्ना hannā, v.t. See هننا hannā.

H هنا हुन्ना hunnā, v.t. See هننا hunnā.

H هنپانا हंपाना haṅpānā (caus. of hāṅpnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to blow or pant; to put out of breath.

H هنپنا हंपना haṅpnā, v.n.=هانپنا hāṅpnā, q.v.

H هنپهنا हंफना haṅphnā, v.n.=hāṅphnā = hāṅpnā, q.v.

H هندورنا हिंदोरना hiṅdornā [or hiṅdolnā; prob. fr. S. हिन्दोल], v.t. To puddle.

H هندولنا हिंदोलना hindolnā, v.t.=hindornā, q.v.

H هنڐانا हंडाना haṅḍānā (caus. of hānḍnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to roam or to wander; to send or drive forth or out; to expel, banish; to disgrace by public exposure, &c. (as by taking one round a city on an ass);--to take or move round (syn. ghumānā).

H هنسانا हंसाना haṅsānā (caus. of haṅsnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to laugh; to tickle, to please:--haṅsā-denā, v.t. intens. of and=haṅsānā.

H هنسنا हंसना haṅsnā [haṅs˚ = Prk. हस(इ) = S. हस(ति), rt. हस्], v.n. To laugh, to smile; to be merry; to jest, joke, make fun;--to laugh (at, -par), to make fun (of); to jeer, ridicule, deride;--s.m. Laughing, laughter;--laugher; ridiculer; jester;--adj. Risible:--haṅs-uṭhnā, v.n. To burst out laughing:--haṅs-denā, v.n. (intens.), To laugh out; to laugh.

H هنسوڙنا हंसोड़ना hāṅsoṛnā (fr. haṅsoṛ), v.n. (dialec.) To play the part of a wag or facetious person; to practise facetiousness or merriment.

H هنکاٿنا हंकाटना haṅkāṭnā, v.t. (dialec.)=haṅkārnā, q.v.

H هنکارنا हंकारना haṅkārnā [haṅkār˚ = Prk. हक्कार(इ), or हक्कारे(इ)=S. हक्कारय(ति), denom. fr. हक्कार, fr. हक्], v.n. To call, bawl, halloo;--v.t. To call to, to bawl to; to halloo after (as in the chase);--to brave;--to drive (oxen, &c.); to drive away, to keep off (by shouting); to expel;--to start or set off (a cart, carriage, or train, &c.);--to put off (a boat); to hoist or set (sail, in order to put off).

H هنکانا हंकाना haṅkānā [haṅkā˚ = haṅkāw˚ = Prk. हक्काव(इ), or हक्कावे(इ), fr. S. हक्+कृ, with caus. aug. āpi], v.n. & t.=hāṅknā, and haṅkārnā, qq.v.

H هنکالنا हंकालना haṅkālnā, v.t. & n. (dialec.)=haṅkārnā, q.v.

H هنکاونا हंकावना haṅkāwnā, haṅkāʼonā, (dialec.) v.n. & t.=haṅkānā, q.v.

H هنکرانا हंकराना haṅkrānā, v.t. & n. (dialec.)=haṅkārnā, q.v.

H هنکلانا हंकलाना haṅklānā, v.n. corr. of haklānā, q.v.

H هنکنا हुनकना hunaknā [prob. fr. S. हुम्+कृ], v.n. To sob; to weep.

H هننا हनना hannā [han˚ = Prk. हण(इ); S. हन्ति (but Vedic also I cl. हनति), rt. हन्], v.t. To strike, smite; to kill, slay, destroy, murder.

H هننا हनना hannā [han˚ prob.=S. भण(ति), rt. भण्], v.n. To speak, to break silence (e.g. kućh hantā hai na bhantā hai):--hannā-bhannā (also hanaknā-bhanaknā), v.n.=hannā.

H هننا हुनना hunnā [hun˚ = Prk. हुण(इ) or धुण(इ)=S. धुनो(ति), rt. धू], v.t. To offer up, to sacrifice.

H هنہنانا हिनहिनाना hinhinānā, (dialec.) हिंहिंनाना hiṅhiṅnānā [hinhinā˚ = S. हिम्, redupl.+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā], v.n. To neigh; to whinny;--(as a gerund) s.m. Neighing.

H هوآنا होआना ho-ānā, v.n. See s.v. هونا honā.

H هوانا हवाना hawānā, or हौआना hauʼānā [prob. S. हो or हौ + ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā], v.n. (dialec.) To scream, screech.

H هوجانا होजाना ho-jānā, v.n. See s.v. honā.

H هوچکنا होचुकना ho-ćuknā, v.n. See s.v. honā.

H هوچلنا होचलना ho-ćalnā, v.n. See s.v. honā.

H هوچنا हूचना hūćnā [hūć˚, prob.=S. हूर्छ(ति), rt. हुर्छ 'to go crookedly'], v.n. To go wide (of the mark), to miss, to err, to mistake.

H هوشکارنا होशकारना hośkārnā (prob. hush, vocat. part., q.v.+kārnā), v.t. To disappoint, to baulk.

H هوکنا हूकना hūknā (cf. hūćnā, and ćūknā), v.n. To go or fall wide (of the mark), to fail to hit, to miss; to make a mistake; to err; to slip.

H هوکنا हूकना hūknā [prob. hūk˚ = Prk. हुक्क(इ)=S. हू+कृ], v.n. To cry or sob from pain; to cry; sob; to fret, pine.

H هوکنا हौकना hauknā, v.n.=هونکنا hauṅknā, q.v.

H هولکنا हूलकना hūlaknā, v.n. To peep (i.q. hulaknā, q.v.

H هولنا हूलना hūlnā [hūl˚ = Prk. हूड(इ) or हूडे(इ)=S. हूडय(ति), caus. of rt. हूड्], v.t. To drive (as an ox, or an elephant), to urge forward; to impel; to goad; to thrust; to push; to stab;--to rush upon, to attack;--v.n. To thrust (at, -par);--to rush (upon):--hūl-denā, v.t. intens. of and=hūlnā.

H هومنا होमना homnā (fr. hom), v.t. To make the oblation (of clarified butter, &c.) which characterizes the hom.

H هونا होना honā [ho˚ = Prk. हो(इ), or हुव(इ), or हव(इ) or भव(इ)=S. भव(ति), rt. भू], v n. To be, to exist; to subsist; to be born; to become; to attain (to);--to come; to accrue, result; to be effected, be accomplished; to be committed (as sin, fault, &c.);--to come to pass, to take place, to happen, occur; to turn out, to prove to be, to prove;--to serve, answer, do; to succeed;--to pass as;--to stand (for);--to belong (to);--to come to an end, to be over; to cease, to stop, to desist; to die (in these senses, gen. ho-jānā);--to be exhausted, (vulg.) to be done up;--(as a gerund) s.m. Being; becoming; existence; possibility;--adj. Possible:--ho-ānā, v.n. To become all at once; to come forth, or to come forth suddenly; to spring up, to arise:--ho-baiṭhnā, v.n. To be laid up (with);--to settle down as; to set up for; to pass oneself off (as):--ho-jānā, v.n. To become; to be born, &c. (i.q. honā, of which it is the intens. form);--to be and go; to have been (chiefly in the past, e.g. ho gayā, 'he has been and gone, or he has been'):--ho-ćuknā (completive), v.n. To be finished, be completed; to come to an end; to have taken place; to pass, to have elapsed;--to be all over;--to pass away, to die;--to be already; to be irrevocably or positively:--ho-ćalnā, v.n. To set in, begin, commence;--to be well advanced; to be well in hand; to be approaching completion, to be nearly finished or done:--ho-rahnā, v.n. To be; to become; to remain, continue, keep; to remain or abide as;--to come into possession, to abide or remain in the possession (of, e.g. māl bahuterā phir ho-rahegā):--ho-saknā (Potential), v.n. To be possible of accomplishment; to be possible, or practicable:--ho-guẕarnā, v.n. To come to pass;--to be finished or done, to be over (i.q. ho-jānā):--ho-lenā, v.n. (intens.) To be completed; to be perfected; to become thoroughly;--to be born;--to betake oneself, to go (in company with;--e.g. kisī-ke pīćhe ho-lenā, 'to go behind or after anyone,' 'to follow':--kisī-ke sāth, or saṅg ho-lenā, 'to go along with, or to accompany anyone'):--ho-nikalnā, v.n. To pass, pass by or near; to turn up (at or by):--honā-na-honā, s.m. The being or not being; existence and non-existence:--honā ho so ho, Happen what will or may;--neck or nothing:--hone-jog, adj. Fit or worthy to be or take place; likely to be or to happen; possible;--promising:--hone-kā (f. -kī), That is to be; future;--likely to be, possible:--hone-wālā, or hone-hārā, adj. (f. -ī), Being, existent, occurrent;--about to be, on the point of happening, impending, imminent; to be expected to result; eventual;--what is to be, or to happen, &c. (i.q. honhār, q.v.).

H هونسنا हौंसना hauṅsnā, or हूंसना hūṅsnā (fr. hauṅs), v.n. To be covetous; to be envious;--to cast an evil eye (upon, -ko).

H هونکنا हौंकना haūṅknā, (dialec.) होंकना hoṅknā (i.q. dhauṅknā, q.v.), v.n. To puff and blow; to breathe hard; to pant; to gasp.

H هہنانا हिहिनाना hihinānā, v.n. A dialec. form of hinhinānā, q.v.

H هيڐنا हीडना hīḍnā, v.t. (dialec. Mār.)=hernā, q.v.

H هيرانا हेराना herānā, v.t. causat. of hernā, q.v.

H هيرنا हेरना hernā [her˚ prob. for aher˚ = S. आखेट;--or perhaps akin to S. हृ; cf. also bhālnā], v.t. To see, observe; to look closely into; to spy out; to peer or pry into;--to look after; to search for; to hunt, chase, pursue;--to catch; to stop.

H هيلنا हीलना hīlnā, 1˚ v.t. (dialec.)=hilānā, q.v.;--2˚ v.n. (dialec. or a corr. form)=hilnā, q.v.

H هيلنا हेलना helnā (prob. akin to hilnā), v.n. To swim; to float.

H هينچنا हींचना hīṅćnā, v.t.=khīṅćnā, q.v.

H هينسنا हींसना hīṅsnā [hīṅs˚ = Prk. हीस(इ); S. हेष(ते), rt. हेष्], v.n. To neigh; to whinny; to make a noise as a horse when kicking; to scream; to bray.

H هينکارنا हींकारना hīṅkārnā [fr. S. हिङ्कार, rt. हिङ्कृ], v.n. To low (as cattle); to bellow, to roar.

H هينگانا हेंगाना heṅgānā [heṅgā+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā], v.t. To harrow.

H هيننا हीनना hīnnā, v.n. (dialec.)=hinhinānā, q.v.

urdU verbs (vAv) / उर्दू अफ़्`आल (व)

This is a list of non-compound hindUstAnI verbs that have the vAv (و) of the fArsI alphabet as the first letter. See my earlier post "A Deluge of Verbs ...?" for a background. This list was generated by mining the online version of Platts' Dictionary, and is a verbatim copy of the entries therein. This list may not be exhaustive & complete.

50 non-compound verbs starting with the vAv are listed below.

H وادنا वाद्ना wādnā (prob. fr. S. वाद), v.n.=bādnā, q.v.

H وارنا वारना wārnā [wār˚ = Prk. वार(इ) or वारे(इ)=S. वारय(ति), caus. of rt. वृ], v.t. To surround, encompass, encircle; to go round;--to ward off, keep off; to avert (from. -se); to wave (anything) round or over (one) as a means of averting (evil, &c.), or as a votive offering; to offer (in sacrifice, &c.);--to devote oneself (for).

H واسنا वासना wāsnā, v.t.=bāsnā, q.v.

H وبهانا विभाना vibhānā [vibhā˚ = S. विभा(ति), rt. भा with वि], v.n. To shine or gleam forth; to become visible or manifest, to appear.

H وتانا विताना witānā, v.t. prop. بتانا bitānā, q.v.

H وترارنا वित्रारना witrārnā [witrār˚, prob.=S. वितारय(ति), caus. of rt. वि+तॄ], v.t. To carry safely through or over, to rescue, save, deliver.

H وٿوٿانا वटवटाना waṭwaṭānā, v.n. (dialec.) To talk nonsense, to prate, babble, jabber, gabble, clack.

H وچارنا विचारना wićārnā [wićār˚ = Prk. विचार(इ) or विचारे(इ)=S. विचारय(ति), caus. of वि+चर्], v.t. To think, consider, &c. (see bićārnā, the pop. form).

H وچلنا विचलना vićalnā [S. विचलनीयं, rt. वि+ चल्], v.n. To move about, to move to and fro; to move, shift, slip, become displaced; to waver, totter, to be unsteady; to turn, bend; to deviate, swerve (from), to go astray; to commit an infringement or violation (of, -se), to break one's promise.

H وچوچانا वचवचाना waćwaćānā [waćwaćā˚ = wać-wać, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि caus. aug. +nā], v.n. (dialec.) To babble, prate, twaddle, gabble, talk nonsense.

H ودارنا विदारना widārnā [widār˚ = Prk. विदार(इ), or विदारे(इ)=S. विदारय(ति), rt. वि+दॄ], v.t. To tear, rend, &c. (i.q. bidārnā, q.v.).

H ودرنا वदरना wadarnā (fr. wadar, q.v.), v.n. (Dakh.) To babble, jabber, prate, talk nonsense.

H ودرنا विदरना widarnā (see the trans. widārnā), v.n. To be torn or rent asunder; to burst open, to burst, split, go asunder.

H ودوشنا विदूषना widūshnā [widūsh˚ = S. विदूषय(ति), rt. वि+दुष्], v.t. To corrupt, defile, contaminate; to disgrace; to blame, censure, calumniate, revile, abuse.

H وراجنا विराजना wirājnā [wirāj˚ = S. विराज(ति), rt: राज् with वि], v.t. & v.n.=birājnā, q.v.

H ورچنا विरचना wiraćnā [wirać˚ = S. विरचय(ति), rt. वि+रच्], v.t. To arrange; to construct, contrive; to make, &c. (see viraćan, and biraćnā).

H ورشانا वर्षाना varshānā, v.t. See the pop. form barsānā.

H ورشنا वर्षना varshnā, v.n. See the pop. form barasnā.

H ورغلانا warg̠alānā, ورغلاننا warg̠alānna [fr. Pers. warg̠alānīdan = bar-g̠alān-īdan;--bar, prep. or prefix, q.v.+ g̠alān (with caus. aff.), fr. S. गर् (गृ, गरति); or घर् (घृ, घरति)], v.t. To deceive, inveigle, decoy, entice, seduce, tempt, incite, instigate, actuate, provoke, exasperate.

H ورننا वर्णना varṇnā [varṇ˚ = S. वर्णय(ति), fr. वर्णा], v.t. To explain, describe, relate, tell, narrate; to praise, extol (i.q. varṇan karnā).

H وستارنا विस्तारना wistārnā [wistār˚ = S. विस्तारय (ति), caus. of rt. वि+स्तृ], v.t. To spread, extend, enlarge, expand, diffuse, develop, &c. (i.q. bistārnā; vistār (or bistār) karnā; see vistār).

H وسرانا विसराना wisrānā, v.t.=bisrānā, q.v.

H وکسنا विकसना wikasnā, v.n.=بکسنا bikasnā, q.v.

H وکهالنا वखालना wakhālnā, v.t. dialec. forms of ukhāl, and ukhālnā, qq.v.

H ولاپنا विलापना wilāpnā (fr. vilāp), v.n. To weep, wail, &c. (i.q. vilāp karnā).

H ولاسنا विलासना wilāsnā (fr. vilās), v.n.=vilās karnā, q.v.

H ولسنا विलसना wilasnā, v.n.=بلسنا bilasnā, q.v.

H ولمبانا विलम्बाना wilambānā (caus. of wilambnā), v.t.=bilmānā, q.v.

H ولمبنا विलम्बना wilambnā [wilamb˚ = S. विलम्ब(ते)], v.n.=bilambnā, q.v.

H ولوڙنا विलोड़ना wiloṛnā [wiloṛ˚ = S. विलोडय(ति), caus. of rt. वि+लुड्], v.t.=biloṛnā, q.v. (and cf. viloḍan).

H ولوکنا विलोकना wiloknā [wilok˚ = S. विलोकय(ति), caus. of वि+लोक्], v.t.=biloknā, q.v.

H ولولانا walwalānā [walwala, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā = Prk. अणअं = S. अनीयं], v.n. To howl; wail, lament;--to low or bubble (as a camel, esp. when in rut), &c. (i.q. balbalānā, q.v.).

H ولوونا विलोवना wilownā, v.t.=wiloṛnā, or biloṛnā, q.v.

H ولہنا वलहना walahnā, s.m. & v.n. A dialec. form of ulahnā, q.v.

H وناشنا विनाशना wināśnā [wināś˚ = S. विनाशय (ति), caus. of rt. वि+नश्], v.t. To destroy, ruin, spoil, &c. (i.q. bināsnā, q.v.).

H ونسنا विनसना winasnā, v.n.=binasnā, q.v.

H ونشانا विनशाना winaśānā or winśānā (caus. of winaśnā = binasnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to deteriorate, &c.; to destroy, ruin, spoil.

H ونشنا विनशना winaśnā, v.n.=binasnā, q.v.

H وواهنا विवाहना wiwāhnā [wiwāh˚ = Prk. विवाह(इ), or विवाहे(इ)=S. विवाहय(ति), caus. of rt. विवह्], v.t. To marry, wed (i.q. byāhnā, q.v.).

H ووڙهنا वोढ़ना woṛhnā, v.t. A dialec. form of oṛhnā, q.v.

H وهانا विहाना wihānā v.t.=bihānā, q.v.

H وهرنا विहरना wiharnā [Prk. विहरणअं; S. विहरणीयं, rt. विहृ], v.n. To enjoy pleasure; to rejoice;--v.t. To take pleasure in, to enjoy;--to rejoice, delight.

H وهسنا विहसना wihasnā [wihas˚ = S. विहस(ति), rt. वि+हस्], v.n. To laugh gently, to smile, to laugh.

H وياپنا व्यापना vyāpnā [vyāp˚ = S. व्याप्नो(ति), rt. वि+ आप्; or व्यापय(ति), caus. of rt. व्याप्], v.t. & int.=byāpnā, q.v.

H وياونا व्यावना wyāwnā, v.t. & n. corr. of vyāpnā, q.v.

H وياهنا व्याहना vyāhnā, v.t.=byāhnā, q.v.

H ويدهنا वेधना wedhnā [wedh˚ = S. विध्य(ति), rt. व्यध्], v.t. To prick, puncture; to pierce, &c. (i.q. bedhnā, q.v.).

H ويرنا वैरना wairnā [wair˚ prob.=S. व्यर्दय(ति), caus. of rt. वि+अर्द], v.t. (dialec.) To pour gradually from the hand or a vessel (rice, &c. into boiling water, grist into a mill, grain into a pan, or seed into the ground, &c.); to sow by drill;--to grind;--s.m. The vessel from which the grist is poured gradually into the mill the hopper;--a drill.

H وينچنا वैंचना waiṅćnā [waiṅć˚ = S. व्यञ्च(ति), rt. वि+अञ्च्], v.t. To separate; to tear off, to flay, skin.

H وينچهنا वैंछना waiṅćhnā [waiṅć˚ = S. व्यञ्च(ति), rt. वि+अञ्च्], v.t. To separate; to tear off, to flay, skin.

urdU verbs (nUn) / उर्दू अफ़्`आल (न)

This is a list of non-compound hindUstAnI verbs that have the nUn (ن) of the fArsI alphabet as the first letter. See my earlier post "A Deluge of Verbs ...?" for a background. This list was generated by mining the online version of Platts' Dictionary, and is a verbatim copy of the entries therein. This list may not be exhaustive & complete.

165 non-compound verbs starting with the nUn are listed below.

H ناپنا नापना nāpnā [nāpnā, prob. corr. of māpnā, q.v.; or nāp˚ = Prk. नप्प(इ)=S. ज्ञाप्य(ते), pass. of caus. of rt. ज्ञा], v.t. To measure; to weigh;--nāp-denā, or nāp-lenā, v.t. intens. of and=nāpnā:--rasta nāpnā, 'To measure the road'; to wander idly about, to saunter;--to pay a short (or a doctor's) visit.

H ناتهنا नाथना nāthnā [fr. nāth, q.v.; or nāth˚ = S. नस्तित], v.t. To bore the nose (of a bullock) and put a string in it (to guide him by);--to bring under subjection or control.

H ناٿنا नाटना nāṭnā, v.n.=naṭnā, q.v.

H ناچنا नाचना nāćnā [nāć˚ = Prk. नच्च(इ)=S. नृत्य (ति), rt. नृत्], v.n. To dance; to caper, or frisk about.

H نادنا नादना nādnā, v.t.=nādhnā, nāṅdnā, or nāṅdhnā, qq.v.

H نادهنا नाधना nādhnā [nādh˚ = S. नद्ध, p.p.p. of rt. नह्], v.t. To yoke;--to begin, to enter upon (also nāṅdhnā; nāṅdnā).

H ناسنا नासना nāsnā [nās˚ = Prk. नस्स(इ)=S. नश्य (ति), rt. नश्], v.n. To be lost, to disappear, vanish; to be destroyed; to perish; to wane;--to escape, flee, run away.

H ناسنا नासना nāsnā [nās˚ = Prk. नास(इ) or नासे(इ)=S. नाशय(ति), caus. of rt. नश्], v.t. To cause to disappear; to cause to perish; to destroy, ruin, efface, exterminate;--to lose.

H نامنا नामना nāmnā (fr. nām), v.t. To name, to mention; to praise, eulogize.

H نانا नाना nānā [nā˚ = nāw˚ = nawāw˚ = Prk. नवाव(इ), or नवावे(इ)=S. नमय(ति), caus. of rt. नम्], v.t. To bend; to bow (the head, &c.); to double, to fold;--to pour (in or out).

H نانچنا नांचना nāṅćnā, v.n. i.q. nāć, and nāćnā, qq.v.

H ناندنا नांदना nāṅdnā [Prk. नंदणअं; S. नन्दनीयं, rt. नन्द्], v.n. (dialec.) To continue happily or comfortably (with, or at, or in); to stay long and well; to become happily settled or domesticated (with, or at); to pass life, to live, dwell, reside, abide;--to go happily through to the end.

H ناندنا नांदना nāṅdnā (i.q. nādnā, or nādhnā, q.v.), v.t. To begin.

H ناندهنا नांधना nāṅdhnā (i.q. nādnā, or nādhnā, q.v.), v.t. To begin.

H نانگهنا नांघना nāṅghnā [nāṅgh˚ = lāṅgh˚ = Prk. लंघ(इ)=S. लङ्घ(ति), rt. लङ्घ], v.t. To jump, or leap, over or across; to step across, to cross; to pass over or beyond, to pass, transgress, infringe.

H ناونا नावना nāwnā, v.t.=nānā, or nawānā, qq.v.

H نبارنا निबारना nibārnā, v.t.=نوارنا niwārnā, q.v.

H نباڙنا निबाड़ना nibāṛnā [nibāṛ˚ = Prk. निव्वाड(इ) or निव्वाडे(इ)=S. निर्वाटय(ति), caus. of rt. निर् + वट्], v.t. To separate, divide; to adjust, settle, decide; to accomplish, perform, manage, fulfil, carry through, keep (an engagement, &c.); to end; to spend, to consume.

H نباهنا निबाहना nibāhnā [nibāh˚ = Prk. निव्वाह इ) or निव्वाहे(इ)=S. निर्वाहय(ति), caus. of rt. निर् +वह्], v.t. To carry on or through, to conduct, manage, &c. (see nibāh, and nibāh karnā);--to take care of, to protect, guard; to support, maintain;--v. int. To keep faith (with); to deal (with), to act or behave (towards);--to afford;--to wear, last, endure.

H نبٿانا निबटाना nibṭānā (i.q. nipṭānā, q.v.), v.t. To settle, adjust, decide, &c. (see nipṭānā):--nibṭā-denā, v.t. intens. of and=nibṭānā.

H نبٿنا निबटना nibaṭnā, v.n. = nipaṭnā, and nibaṛnā, qq.v.

H نبڙنا निबड़ना nibaṛnā [nibaṛ˚ = Prk. निव्वड(इ) or निव्वडे(इ); S. निर्वटय(ति), rt. निर् + वट्;--or nibaṛnā = nibaṭnā = nipaṭnā, q.v.], v.n. To be separated, or divided; to be settled, be adjusted, be decided; to be accomplished; to be completed, or finished; to be ended, be spent, be consumed:--nibaṛ-jānā, v.n. intens. of and=nibaṛnā.

H نبکنا निबुकना nibuknā [nibuk˚ = S. निर्मुक्त, p.p.p. of निर्+मुच्], v.t. (dialec.) To loosen, to set free, liberate; to separate; to sunder, disjoin (syn. ćhuṛānā);--v.n. To come out (of); to be loosed, or set free (from), to escape, &c. (i.q. nikalnā).

H نبنا निबना nibnā, v.n. (colloq.)=nibhnā, q.v.

H نبهانا निभाना nibhānā, v.t.=نباهنا nibāhnā, q.v.

H نبہنا निबहना nibahnā, v.n.=nibhnā, q.v.

H نبهنا निभना nibhnā (fr. the trans. nibāhnā, q.v.), v.n. To be accomplished, or performed, or effected; to succeed;--to serve, do, pass; to live, subsist, eke out a livelihood; to last, continue, endure.

H نبيڙنا निबेड़ना nibeṛnā, (rustic) नबेड़ना nabeṛnā [nibeṛ˚ = Prk. निव्वंड(इ)=S. निर्वण्ड(ते), rt. निर्+ वण्ड्; cf. nibāṛnā, of which nibeṛnā is another form], v.t. To separate, divide; to accomplish; to settle, adjust, decide; to complete, finish, terminate, put an end to; to spend, consume:--apnī nibeṛnā, To mind one's own business.

H نپاتنا निपातना nipātnā [nipāt˚ = S. निपातय(ति), caus. or rt. नि+पत्], v.t. To throw or cast down; to fell, to knock down, beat down; to overthrow, kill, destroy.

H نپاٿنا निपाटना nipāṭnā, v.t. (rustic or dialec.)=nipṭānā, q.v.

H نپٿانا निपटाना nipṭānā [caus. of nipaṭnā;--nipṭā˚ = niptāw = Prk. निप्पट्टआवे(इ) = S. निष्पत्(ति)+ आपय (caus. aug.)], v.t. To complete, finish, conclude, terminate, end; to decide, settle, adjust, compose.

H نپٿنا निपटना nipaṭnā [nipaṭ˚ = Prk. निप्पट्ट(इ), or निप्पट्टे(इ), fr. S. निष्पत्ति, rt. निस्+पद्], v.n. To be completed, or finished; to be concluded, or terminated; to terminate, to end; to be accomplished; to be settled, or adjusted, or decided;--to be spent, or consumed, or exhausted;--to be clear, or rid (of, -se), to have done (with).

H نپنا नपना napnā (fr. the trans. nāpnā, q.v.), v.n. To be measured; to be surveyed;--(colloq.) to measure oneself (with, or against), to have a quarrel, or a tussle (with, e.g. āj un-se ḵẖūb napī):--nap-jānā, v.n. intens. of and=napnā.

H نپوڙنا निपोड़ना nipoṛnā, v.t. To show (the teeth); to grin; to snarl; to grind or gnash (the teeth).

H نتارنا नितारना nitārnā, v.t. (dialec.) = نتهارنا nithārnā, q.v.

H نتهارنا निथारना nithārnā [nithār˚ = Prk. नित्थाल(इ), or नित्थाले(इ)=S. निस्थलय(ति), caus. of नि+स्थल्; or=S. निस्तारय(ति), caus. of rt. निस्+तॄ], v.t. To make clear or clean, to purify (water, or other liquid, by letting the feculent matter subside and pouring off the clear water, &c.); to pour off; to draw off (an infusion, &c.).

H نتهرنا निथरना nitharnā (fr. the trans. nithārnā, q.v.), v.n. To be made clear or clean, to be purified (water or other liquid, by letting the feculent matter subside, and pouring off the clear liquid).

H نتهنا नथना nathnā (fr. the trans. nāthnā, q.v.), v.n. To have the nose bored, and a string passed through it (a bullock).

H نٿنا नटना naṭnā [naṭ˚ = nāṭ˚ = S. नास्ति 'it is not'+nā = anā = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v. int. To say 'no' (with respect to, -se), to deny, disallow, disclaim, disown; to decline, refuse.

H نٿنا नटना naṭnā [naṭ˚ = Prk. नट्ट(इ) or नट्टे(इ)=S. नर्तय(ति), fr. नर्त], v.n. To dance;--to strut, or mince;--to act or perform; to assume a dramatic dress or character.

H نٿيرنا नटेरना naṭernā [naṭer˚, prob.=S. नष्ट+कार], v.t. To turn up (the eyes), to close (the eyes, in death).

H نجهانا निझाना nijhānā [nijhā˚ = Prk. निज्झाअ(इ), or णिज्झा(इ)=S. निध्याय(ति), rt. नि+ध्यै], v.t. To see, perceive, observe, behold, look at attentively; to spy out; to pry into.

H نجهوٿنا निझोटना nijhoṭnā [nijhoṭ˚ = Prk. णिज्झोड(इ)], v.t. To twitch, &c. (i.q. jhaṭaknā, and khasoṭnā, qq.v.

H نچانا नचाना naćānā [caus. of nāćnā, q.v.;--naćā˚ =naćāw˚ = Prk. नञ्चावे(इ)=S. नृत्य+caus. aug. आपय(ति)], v.t. To cause to dance to make (one) dance, to set a-dancing; to spin (a top, &c.):--naćā-mārnā, v.t. To lead (one) a pretty dance; to tease, worry, harass (here naćā is the past conj. part. of naćānā).

H نچرنا निचरना nićarnā, v.n. (dialec.)=nićaṛnā, q.v.

H نچڙانا निचड़ाना nićaṛānā, or निचु़ड़ाना nićuṛāna, v.t.=nićuṛwānā, q.v.

H نچڙنا निचड़ना nićaṛnā, or निचुड़ना nićuṛnā [nićaṛ˚ = Prk. णिञ्चल(इ)=S. निश्चर(ति), rt. निस्+चर्], v.n. To flow out gently, to trickle, ooze, drop, distil;--to be squeezed or pressed; to be wrung (see nićoṛnā).

H نچڙوانا निचड़वाना nićaṛwānā, or निचुड़वाना nićuṛwānā (doub. caus. of nićaṛnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to flow, or trickle, &c.;--to have or get (water, &c.) wrung out, or strained, &c.;--to cause to wring, or press, or strain, &c.

H نچنا नचना naćnā, v.n.=nāćnā, q.v.

H نچنا नुचना nućnā (fr. the trans. noćnā, q.v.), v.n. To be scratched, or clawed, or pinched; to be plucked or pulled;--v.t.=noćnā, q.v.

H نچوانا नचवाना naćwānā (doub. caus. of nāćnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to be danced;--also=naćānā, q.v.

H نچوانا नुचवाना nućwānā (doub. caus. of noćnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to be scratched, or pinched, &c.;--to cause to scratch, or pinch, &c.

H نچورنا निचोरना nićornā, v.t. (dialec.)=nićoṛnā, q.v.

H نچوڙانا निचोड़ाना nićoṛānā, v.t. prop. نچڙانا nićuṛānā = نچڙوانا nićaṛwānā, q.v.

H نچوڙنا निचोड़ना nićoṛnā [caus. of nićuṛnā, a dialec. form of nićaṛnā;--nićoṛ˚ = nićāṛ˚ = Prk. निच्चाले(इ)=S. निश्चारय(ति), caus. of rt. निस्+चर्], v.t. 'To cause to issue or come forth'; to press or squeeze, to wring; to press out, to express; to strain; to wring out, to extort, exact;--to milk:--nićoṛ-lenā, v.t. intens. of and=nićoṛnā.

H نچوڙوانا निचोड़वाना nićoṛwānā, v.t. prop. نچڙوانا nićurwānā, q.v.

H ندانا निदाना nidānā [nidā˚ = Prk. निद्दा(इ)=S. निर्दा(ति), rt. निस्+दा or दो], v.t. To weed, to clear;--to cut, reap.

H ندرنا निदरना nidarnā, v.t. (dialec.) To treat with disrespect, or contempt, &c. (i.q. nirādar karnā, q.v.).

H نرانا निराना nirānā, or नराना narānā (cf. nidānā, of which it is prob. another form), v.t. To clear, to w eed (a garden, &c.); to reap (a harvest).

H نرباهنا निरबाहना nir-bāhna, v.t. (dialec.)=nibāhnā, q.v.

H نرتنا निर्तना nirtnā, or निरतना niratnā [nirt˚ = S. नृत्य(ति), rt. नृत्], v.n. (dialec.) To dance; to caper skip, jump about playfully; to gesticulate, to play (i.q. nirt karnā;--syn. nāćnā).

H نرکهنا निरखना nirakhnā [nirakh˚ = Prk. निरिक्ख(इ), or निरक्ख(इ)(?); S. निरीक्ष(ते), rt. निस्+ईक्ष्], v.t. To look at, see, regard, observe, view; to inspect, scan, examine closely.

H نرمانا नरमाना narmānā [narm, q.v. + ā = āw = Prk. आव or आवे=S. आपि (caus. augment) + nā = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v.t. To soften; to mollify, soothe, appease, pacify, mitigate, assuage; to subdue;--to moderate, reduce, lower, abate, lessen (as a price, &c.):--nar-mānā, or narmā-janā, v.n. To become soft, to soften;--to become gentle, or mild; to be subdued;--to relax, abate, lower, lessen.

H نرمانا निर्माना or निरमाना nirmānā [nirmā˚ = S. निर्मा(ति), rt. मा with निस्], v.t. To make, form, fashion, fabricate; to produce, create; to build, construct; to compose.

H نروارنا निरुआरना niruʼārnā [niruʼār˚ = Prk. निरुवार(इ), fr. S. व्याकृ with निस्], v.t. (dialec.) To undo, unravel, disentangle, &c. (syn. kholnā; suljhānā).

H نروانا निरुवाना niruwānā, v.t. (dialec.) = نروارنا niruʼārnā, q.v.

H نريکهنا निरीखना nirīkhnā, or निरेखना nirekhnā [nirīkh˚ or nirekh˚ = Prk. निरिक्ख(इ)=S. निरीक्ष(ते), rt. ईक्ष् with निस्], v.t. & n. To look at or towards, to behold, gaze at, regard, observe, view;--to look out, to spy;--to consider, inspect;--to expect, hope for (i.q. nirakhnā, q.v.).

H نسارنا निसारना nisārnā [caus. of nisarnā;--nisār˚ = Prk. निस्सारे(इ) or निस्सार(इ)=S. निःसारयति), caus. of rt. निस्+सृ], v.t. To cause to go out or away, to turn out, eject, expel; to cause to issue or come forth.

H نسانا नसाना nasānā, (corr.) निसाना nisānā [nasā˚ = Prk. नस्सावे(इ) or नस्साव(इ)=S. नश्य(ति)+caus. aug. आपय], v.t. 'To cause to be lost or to perish'; to destroy, efface, annihilate; to spoil; to squander;--v.n. To be lost; to be destroyed, be annihilated; to perish, to come to nought.

H نساونا नसावना nasāwnā, or nasāʼonā, v.t. & n.=nasānā, q.v.

H نستارنا निस्तारना nistārnā [nistār˚ = S. निस्तारय(ति), caus. of rt. निस्+तॄ], v.t. To liberate, release, acquit; to rescue, save, deliver;--to exempt (the soul) from further transmigration, to beatify;--to discharge, pay off (a debt, &c.), to requite.

H نسرنا निसरना nisarnā (nisar˚ = Prk. निस्सर(इ) or नीसर(इ)=S. निःसर(ति), rt. निस् + सृ], v.n. To come out or forth, to issue; to go out or forth; to depart.

H نسنا नसना nasnā [nas˚ = Prk. नस्स(इ)=S. नश्य(ति), rt. नश्], v.n. (dialec.) To disappear, vanish, make off, escape, run away, flee.

H نشانا नशाना naśānā, v.t. & n., corr. or dialec. form of nasānā, q.v.

H نکارنا नकारना nakārnā [न 'no' + kār˚ = Prk. कारे(इ)=S. कारय(ति), caus. of rt. कृ], v.t. To deny; to refuse, to reject.

H نکارنا निकारना nikārnā, v.t. (dialec. or rustic)=nikālnā, q.v.

H نکاسنا निकासना nikāsnā [nikās˚ = Prk. निक्कासे(इ), or निक्कास(इ); S.निष्कासय(ति), caus. of rt. निस्+ कस्, prob. a Prk. form fr. कृष्], v.t. To turn out, drive out, to expel;--to take ont, to extract, &c.; to wrest, &c. (i.q. nikālnā, q.v.):--nikās-lenā, v.t. intens. of and=nikāsnā.

H نکالنا निकालना nikālnā [nikāl˚ = Prk. निक्काले(इ), or निक्काल(इ), fr. निक्काल=निक्कल्ह=निक्कड्ढ=S. निष्कृष्ट, p.p.p. of rt. निस्+कृष्;--or Prk. निक्काले(इ) = S. निष्कालय(ति), rt. निस्+कल्], v.t To pull or draw out; to take out (of, -se); to extract; to express; to distil;--to extricate;--to pick out, select;--to unpick, undo;--to strike out, to remove (from, -se), to take off; to deduct; to exclude, except (more com. nikāl denā or ḍālnā);--to drive out, turn out, eject, expel; to cashier; to put away, cast off, discard; (more com. nikāl denā); to dig out;--to beat out; to thresh (corn);--to bring out or forth, to produce;--to hatch;--to issue, publish;--to deduce;--to work out, solve (a problem, &c.); to accomplish, effect;--to find out, discover; to invent;--to put or bring forth; to give vent to;--to make manifest, to exhibit, display, show, to bring out (a procession);--to strike (a balance);--to break in, to train (a horse);--to let out, allow to escape, to utter, give utterance to:--nikāl-denā, v.t. (intens.) To drive out, eject, expel, &c.;--to take out; deduct; exclude, &c. (i.q. nikālnā):--nikāl-ḍālnā, v.t. (intens.) To take out, or away; to remove; to strike out, &c.:--nikāl-rakhnā, v.t. To lay or put by:--nikāl-lānā (-ko), To bring off, bring away; to abduct:--nikāl-lenā, v.t. intens. of and=nikālnā:--nikāl-le-jānā (-ko), To carry off; to steal; to make away with;--to abduct.

H نکانا निकाना nikānā (prob. another form of nikārnā or nikālnā), v.t. To weed;--to pick (with the nails).

H نکرنا निकरना nikarnā, v.n. (dialec.)=nikalnā, q.v.

H نکسنا निकसना nikasnā, (corr.) नकसना nakasnā [nikas˚ = Prk. निक्कस(इ)=S. निष्कस(ति), rt. निस् +कस्; see the trans. nikāsnā], v.n. To go out; to come out, to issue, &c. (i.q. nikalnā, q.v.).

H نکشنا नकशना nakaśnā, v.n. A dialec. or a corr. form of nikasnā, q.v.

H نکلانا निकलाना niklānā, v.t.=nikālnā, and nikalwānā, qq.v.

H نکلنا निकलना nikalnā (fr. the trans. nikālnā, q.v.), v.n. To be pulled or drawn out, to be taken out; to be expressed; to be extracted; to be extricated (from, -se);--to be deduced;--to be produced; to be invented;--to be hatched (eggs);--to be performed, or accomplished, or effected;--to be worked out, be solved;--to come out or forth, to issue, to emerge; to appear; to rise (as the sun); to germinate, to shoot;--to begin;--to come out or appear as a balance (to the credit of, -ke taʼīṅ, or against, -par, or -ke nām);--to result, prove, turn out;--to sally forth;--to find vent; to find utterance, to be uttered;--to go away, to depart, to proceed; to pass away (as life, or time); to secede;--to get out, to escape; to slink away, to give (one) the slip; to break loose (from, -se);--to go back (from a promise), to get out (of an engagement); to slip, to start (from its place); to spring (in these last senses, beginning with 'to go away,' the more com. form is nikal-jānā):--nikal-ānā, v.n. To come out, or forth; to appear; to rise (the sun, &c.):--nikal-bhāgnā, v.n. To run off or away, make off; to break (from); to get away, to escape:--nikal-paṛnā, v.n. To come out or forth (from, -se); to be drawn out or forth;--to drop out, fall out:--nikal-jānā, v.n. To go forth or away; to get away, to escape, &c. (i.q. nikalnā, q.v.); to disappear;--to wear out;--to advance, go on; to pass or get (beyond, -se), to outstrip, surpass; to exceed:--nikal-ćalnā, v.n. To go out or forth; to make off, to escape;--to be advanced, be promoted;--to pass or get (beyond), to surpass; to outstrip;--to break forth, to begin (speech, &c.); to speak much, or to display (one's) talent (said of one who before, owing to the presence of a stranger, or to some other restraining cause, had been silent).

H نکلوانا निकलवाना nikalwānā (caus. of nikālnā), v.t. To cause to go or come out; to cause to issue; to turn out, dismiss, eject, expel:--nikalwā-denā, v.t. To turn out (from, -se); to dismiss (from office); to eject, expel, banish.

H نکوسنا निकोसना nikosnā [nikos˚ = निक्कोस्से(इ) or निक्कोस्स(इ)=S. निकुस्मय(ते), fr. the nom. निकुस्मय, rt. नि+कु+स्मि], v.t. & intr. To show (the teeth, as an animal);--to grin.

H نکهارنا निखारना nikhārnā [caus. of nikharnā;--nikhār˚ = Prk. निक्खारे(इ) or निक्खार(इ)=S. निक्षारय (ति), caus. of rt. नि+क्षर्], v.t. To clean, to clear; to clarify;--to strain;--to bleach;--to peel, to skin;--to settle.

H نکهرانا निखराना nikharānā, or nikhrānā (caus. of nikhārnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to clean, &c.;--also=nikharwānā, q.v.;--(caus. of nikharnā), v.t.=nikhārnā, q.v.

H نکهرنا निखरना nikharnā [nikhar˚ = Prk. निक्खर(इ)=S. निक्षर(ति), rt. नि+क्षर], v.n. To be cleaned, be cleared; to be settled; to be clarified; to be strained;--to be peeled; to be skinned;--to settle; to become clear, to clear (as the complexion, or the sky, &c.);--to become composed, or serene;--to look angrily (at, -par).

H نکهروانا निखरवाना nikharwānā (doub. caus. of nikharnā), v.t. To cause to be cleaned, &c.; to have (or get) cleaned, or cleared, &c.

H نکهورنا निखोरना nikhornā, v.t. (dialec.) = nikhoṛnā, q.v.

H نکهوڙنا निखोड़ना nikhoṛnā [nikhoṛ˚ = Prk. निक्खोड (इ), for निक्कोड्ढ(इ), from निक्कोड्ढ=S. निष्कुष्ट, p.p.p. of निस्+कुष्], v.t. To pull or tear off or out; to strip off; to extract; to peel; to decorticate; to skin, flay; to excoriate; to husk, shell; to clean.

H نکهوسنا निखोसना nikhosnā, v. int.=nikosnā, q.v.

H نکهيانا नखियाना nakhiyānā, or निखयाना nikhyānā [nakhiyā˚ = nakhī (=S. nakha+ikā)+ā = āw = Prk. आवे or आव=S. आपि (caus. aug.)], v.t. To scratch, to claw.

H نکيانا नकियाना nakiyānā, v.t. corr. of nakhiyānā, q.v.

H نگچانا नगचाना nagćānā [nagćā˚ = nagić = nagīć, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आवे or आव=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v.n. To draw near, to approach.

H نگلنا निगलना nigalnā [nigal˚ = Prk. निगले(इ), or निगल(इ), fr. S. noun निगल;--or fr. S. निगिल(ति), rt. नि+गॄ, by change of i to a], v.t. To swallow, swallow up; to gulp down; to devour;--(met.) to embezzle:--nigal-jānā (-ko), intens. of and=nigalnā.

H نگندنا निगन्दना nigandnā [nigand˚, perhaps=S. निग्रन्थ(ति), but most prob. fr. the P. nigandan = nikandan, rt. Zend kan with ni; S. निखन्], v.t. To quilt;--to sew with long stitches.

H نگهٿنا निघटना nighaṭnā (pref. ni+ghaṭnā, q.v.), v.n. (dialec.) To be greatly diminished, to be much less, &c.

H نلانا नलाना nalānā, v.t. (dialec.) = narānā, or nirānā, q.v.

H نمٿنا निमटना nimaṭnā, v.n.=nibaṭnā, q.v.

H نمنا नमना namnā [S. नमनीयं, rt. नम्], v.n. To bow down; to make obeisance (to).

H نمنانا निमनाना nimnānā [nimnā˚ = niman, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आवे or आव=S. आपि (caus. aug.) + nā = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v.t. To render strong, or tight, or good; to strengthen;--to ameliorate.

H نندانا नंदाना naṅdānā (caus. of nāṅdnā, q.v.), v.t. (dialec.) To cause to pass life happily, &c.

H نندرنا निंदरना niṅdarnā, v.t. (dialec.)=nidarnā, q.v.

H نندنا निन्दना nindnā [Prk. निंदणअं; S. निन्दनीयं, rt. निन्द्], v.t. To blame, &c. (i.q. ninda karna, q.v.).

H نندهنا नंधना naṅdhnā, v.t.=nāṅdhnā, q.v.

H ننگلانا निंगलाना niṅglānā (caus. of next, q.v.), v.t. To cause to swallow, &c.

H ننگلنا निंगलना niṅgalnā, v.t. To swallow, &c. (=nigalnā, q.v.).

H ننگهانا नंघाना naṅghānā (for laṅghānā, caus. of laṅghnā, q.v.), v.t. To cause to leap over, &c.

H ننگيانا नंगियाना naṅgiyānā [naṅgiyā˚ = naṅgī (fem. of naṅgā)+ā = āw = Prk. आवे or आव=S. आपि, caus. aug.], To render naked, or bare; to strip (i.q. naṅgā karnā):--naṅgiyā-lenā, v.t. intens. of and=naṅgiyānā.

H نواجنا नवाजना nawājnā, or निवाजना niwājnā (corr. of nawāznā, q.v.), v.t. (dialec.) To caress, to coax; to wheedle, entice, decoy;--to have mercy on.

H نوارنا निवारना niwārnā, or नवारना nawārnā [niwār˚ = Prk. निवारे(इ) or निवार(इ)=S. निवारय(ति), caus. of rt. नि+वृ], v.t. To surround; to keep off, ward off; to exclude, to shut out; to protect, defend;--to prohibit, forbid, interdict;--to prevent, hinder, impede, obstruct, interrupt; to check, restrain; to oppose.

H نوارنا नवारना nawārnā [nawār˚, prob. = Prk. निवट्ट(इ)=S. निवर्त(ते), rt. नि+वृत्], v.n. To walk out or forth, to roam, stroll; to travel; to wander, stray.

H نوازنا nawāznā [nawāz, q.v. + ना = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v.t. To caress, soothe, comfort; to cherish; to favour, patronize;--to pardon.

H نواسنا निवासना niwāsnā (fr. nivās), v.n.=nivās karnā, q.v.

H نوانا नवाना nawānā, or निवाना niwānā [nawā˚ = nawāw˚ = Prk. नवावे(इ) or नवाव(इ)=S. नम + आपय(ति), rt. नम् with caus. aug. āpaya], v.t. To bend, to bow;--to cause to stoop;--to cause to submit to;--to double, to fold.

H نواونا नवावना nawāwnā, or nawāʼonā, or निवावना niwāwnā, or niwāʼonā, v.t.=nawānā, or niwānā, q.v.

H نواهنا निवाहना niwāhnā, v.t.=nibāhnā, q.v.

H نوتنا नौतना nautnā, or नोतना notnā [neʼotnā;--neʼot˚ = Prk. निमत्ते(इ) or निवत्ते(इ)=S. निमन्त्रय(ते), rt. मन्त्र् with नि], v.t. To invite (to a feast or entertainment);--to promise a gift to.

H نوٿانا निवटाना niwṭānā, v.t.=nibṭānā, q.v.

H نوچنا नोचना noćnā, (dialec.) नौचना naućnā [noć˚ = Prk. निउंच(इ)=S. निकुञ्च(ति), rt. नि+कुञ्च्], v.t. To pinch, to grip; to scratch, claw;--to pull out, pluck out (these meanings point to the S. lunć as their source);--to fleece (a person).

H نوڙيا निवड़ाना niwaṛānā, niwṛānā (caus. of next), v.t. (dialec.)=nauṛhānā.

H نوڙنا निवड़ना niwaṛnā, v.n. (dialec.)=nauṛhnā, q.v.

H نوڙهانا नौढ़ाना nauṛhānā (caus. of next), v.t. To bow; to bend;--to cause to stoop;--to render submissive or obedient; to subdue.

H نوڙهنا नौढ़ना nauṛhnā (i.q. nihuṛnā, q.v.), v.n. To incline downwards; to bend; to stoop;--to condescend;--to be subdued; to submit, &c.

H نوسنا निवसना niwasnā, v.n.=niwāsnā, q.v.

H نونا नवना nawnā, or नौना naunā, (dialec.) निवना niwnā [naw˚ or nau˚ = Prk. नम(इ) or नव(इ)=S. नम(ति), rt. नम्], v.n. To bow, bend, bend down, incline downwards; to stoop;--to submit, to become obedient or tractable.

H نونا नौना naunā, or नोना nonā (i.q. nawnā), v.t. To tie the feet of a cow when milking;--s.m. The string with which a cow's legs are tied at the time of milking (syn. nawī; nainā).

H نونتنا नौंतना nauṅtnā, v.t.=notnā, q.v.

H نوهڙنا नौहड़ना nauhṛnā, v.n. (dialec.)=nauṛhnā, q.v.

H نوهنا निवहना niwahnā, v.n.=nibahnā = nibhnā, q.v.

H نهاٿنا न्हाटना nhāṭnā, or नहाटना nahāṭnā [nhāṭ˚ = Prk. एहट्ट(इ), fr. S. स्नुस्त, p.p.p. of rt. स्नुस्], v.n. (dialec.) To vanish, disappear, flee, run away; to abscond; to desert.

H نہارنا निहारना nihārnā [Ap. Prk. णिहाल(इ); Prk. निहाले(इ) or निहाल(इ)=S. निभालय(ति), rt. नि+भल्], v.t. To look at, to behold closely or attentively, to gaze at, to regard; to look after, to watch; to spy.

H نہانا नहाना nahānā, or न्हाना nhānā [nahā˚ = Prk. ण्हा(इ)=S. स्ना(ति), rt. स्ना], v.n. To bathe; to wash; to perform ablutions:--nahānā-dhonā, v.n. =nahānā.

H نهانٿنا न्हांटना nhāṅṭnā, v.n.=nhāṭnā, q.v.

H نہرانا निहुराना nihurānā (caus. of nihurnā), v.t. (dialec.)=nihuṛānā, q.v.

H نہرنا निहुरना nihurnā, v.n. (dialec.)=nihuṛnā, q.v.

H نہڙانا निहुड़ाना nihuṛānā (caus. of nihuṛnā, q.v.), v.t. To bend, to bow; to cause to crook; to cause to stoop;--to render submissive or obedient (i.q. nauṛhānā):--nihurā-lenā, v.t. intens. of and=nihuṛānā.

H نہڙنا निहुड़ना nihuṛnā [nihuṛ˚ = Ap. Prk. णिहुड(इ), for Prk. नवड(इ), fr. नव(इ)=S. नम(ति), with addition of dim. aff. ड (cf. dauṛnā); but said in H. C.'s Prk. Gr. iv. 22, to be a substitute for S. नि+पत्; cf. nihoṛnā, fr. Prk. णिहोड(इ)], v.n. To incline or bend down, ward, to bend, bow;--to decline;--to condescend;--to submit; to be subdued.

H نہلانا नहलाना nahlānā, निहलाना nihlānā, or न्हलाना nhalānā (caus. of nahānā), v.t. To cause to bathe; to bathe, to give (one) a bath:--nahlānā-dhulānā, v.t.=nahlānā.

H نہلوانا नहलवाना nahalwānā, or निहलवाना nihalwānā, or न्हलवाना nhalwānā (doub. caus. of nahānā), v.t. To cause to be bathed or washed, to have or get (one) bathed.

H نہنا नहना nahnā (fr. the trans. nahānā, q.v.), v.n. To flow; to stream.

H نہنا नहना nahnā [nah˚ = S. नह्य(ति), rt. नह्], v.t. (dialec.) To bind, tie, fasten, bind on, &c. (a word com. used in Bundelkhand).

H نہوانا नहवाना nahwānā (caus. of nahānā), v.t. (dialec.)=nahlānā, q.v.

H نہورنا निहूरना nihūrnā, or नहूरना nahūrnā, v.t. (dialec.)=nihūṛnā, q.v.

H نہوڙنا निहूड़ना nihūṛnā, or निहोड़ना nihoṛnā [caus. of nihuṛnā, and=Prk. निहोड(इ); see nihuṛnā], v.t. To cause to bend, or stoop, &c.; to bend; to render humble or submissive, &c. (i.q. nihurānā; nauṛhānā).

H نيجانا नैजाना nai-jānā, v.n. intens. form of nainā, q.v.

H نيدنا नीदना nīdnā, v.n. To sleep (i.q. nīṅdnā, q.v.).

H نيرانا नियराना niyarānā, or नेराना nerānā [niyar or ner, q.v.+ā = āw = Prk. आवे or आव=S. आपि (caus. aug.)+nā = Prk. अणअं=S. अनीयं], v.n. (dialec.) To draw nigh, to approach (syn. nagćānā).

H نيرنا नीरना nīrnā [fr. S. नीर 'water'], To water;--to provide with food.

H نيڙنا नेड़ना neṛnā (prob. fr. neṛ = ner or niyar, q.v.), v.t. To keep near (one), or under (one's) care, to care for, to look after.

H نيسرنا नीसरना nīsarnā, v.n.=nisarnā, q.v.

H نينا नैना nainā, v.n. A dialec. form of nauna or nawnā, 'to bend,' q.v.:--nai-jānā, v.n. intens. of and=nainā.

H نيندنا नींदना nīṅdnā [nīṅd˚ = Prk. निद्दा(इ)=S. निद्रा(ति), rt. निद्रा], v.n. To fall asleep; to sleep, to repose.

H نيندنا नींदना nīṅdnā [nīṅd˚, prob.=S. निन्हु(ते), rt. नि+न्हु], v.t. To disown, to deny.

H نيندنا नींदना nīṅdnā, v.t.=نندنا nindnā, 'to blame,' &c., q.v.

H نيوارنا नेवारना newārnā, v.t.=niwārnā, q.v.

H نيوانا नेवाना newānā, v.t.=niwānā, or nawānā, q.v.

H نيوتانا नेवताना newatānā, or न्योताना nyotānā v.t.=nautnā, q.v.

H نيوتنا नेवतना newatnā, or न्योतना nyotnā v.t.=nautnā, q.v.

H نيوڙانا न्योड़ाना nyoṛānā, v.t. (dialec.) = nauṛhānā, or nihuṛānā, qq.v.

H نيوڙنا न्योड़ना nyoṛnā v.n. (dialec.) = nauṛhnā, or nihuṛnā, qq.v.

H نيوڙهنا न्योढ़ना nyoṛhnā v.n. (dialec.) = nauṛhnā, or nihuṛnā, qq.v.

H نيونا नेवना newnā, or neʼonā, v.n. (dialec.) = niwnā = nawnā, q.v.